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Microbiology > Lecture 5: Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Innate Immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

What immunity uses identical toll-like receptors?

A

Innate immunity

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2
Q

What immunity uses distinct antibody molecules?

A

Adaptive immunity

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3
Q

PAMPs and DAMPs are found in what immunity?

A

Innate immunity

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4
Q

What immunity may recognize nonmicrobial antigens?

A

Adaptive immunity

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5
Q

What immunity is encoded in the germline with limited diversity?

A

a. Innate immunity

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6
Q

What immunity is encoded by genes produced by somatic recombination of gene segments?

A

a. Adaptive immunity

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7
Q

Are the cells of the innate system clonal or nonclonal? Adaptive immunity?

A

a. Nonclonal = innate
b. Clonal = adaptive

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7
Q

This is the accumulation of leukocytes. Phagocytic cells, plasma proteins, and fluid derived from the blood at an extravascular tissue site of infection or injury

A

Acute inflammation (innate)

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8
Q

What are the 2 principle types of reactions of the innate immune system?

A

a. Stimulate Acute inflammation
b. Anti-viral defenses

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9
Q

These are type 1 interferons

A

a. Interferon a/b

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10
Q

Anti-viral defenses in the innate system are mediated by

A

a. NK cells
b. Interferon a/b

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11
Q

NK cells mediate what?

A

a. The killing of virus-infected cells

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12
Q

These are secreted by virus-infected cells, bind to receptors on surrounding cells, and induce an anti-viral state in those cells

A

Interferons a/b

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13
Q

Can both the innate and adaptive immune systems share some of the same effector mechanisms?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Can both the innate and adaptive immune systems recognize nonmicrobial substances?

A

a. Yes

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15
Q

Does the innate or adaptive immune system have memory?

A

Adaptive

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16
Q

What are some examples of toll-like receptors?

A

a. Lipopolysaccharide b. Peptidoglycan
c. Lipopeptides
d. Flagellin

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17
Q

What are possible responses to the activation of toll-like receptors?

A

a. Acute inflammation
b. Activate adaptive immunity
c. Antiviral state
d. Macrophage/neutrophil activity

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18
Q

NOd-like receptors (NLRs) recruit what complexes?

A

Inflammasomes that promote inflammation

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18
Q

These are a family of cytosolic proteins that recognize PAMPs and DAMPs and recruit inflammasomes

A

a. NOD-like receptors

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19
Q

These are cytosolic sensors of viral RNA that respond to viral nucleic acids by inducing the production of the antiviral type 1 interferon

A

RIG-like receptors

19
Q

What are the components of the innate immune response?

A

a. Epithelial barrier
b. Phagocytes (neutrophils/macrophages)
c. Dendritic cells
d. Mast cells
e. Lymphoid cells
f. Complement system
g. NK cells

20
Q

What types of phagocytes are in the innate immune system?

A

a. Neutrophils
b. monocytes/macrophages

21
Q

These are circulating phagocytic cells in the innate immune system

A

Neutrophils

22
Q

This is the most abundant leukocyte blood and the 1st cell type to respond to most infections

A

Neutrophils

22
Q

Blood monocytes differentiate into ______ after entering tissues

A

Tissue macrophages

23
Q

These secrete cytokines that induce inflammation and ingest and destroy microbes in the innate
immune system

A

Macrophages

23
Q

Describe how long neutrophils and macrophages survive in tissues

A

a. Neutrophils = short few hours
b. Macrophages = long time

23
Q

These are also referred to as “sentinel cells”

A

Dendritic cells

24
Q

These secrete cytokines and present antigenic peptides to T cells

A

Dendritic cells

25
Q

These are present in the skin and mucosal epithelium

A

Mast cells

26
Q

Mast cells contain what? And cause what?

A

a. Vasoactive amines
b. Vasodilation and capillary permeability

26
Q

These are lymphocyte-like cells

A

Innate lymphoid cells

27
Q

These produce cytokines but lack T cell antigen receptors (TCRs)

A

Innate lymphoid cells

28
Q

This system induces inflammation, opsonizes microbes enhancing their phagocytosis and causes osmotic lysis of microbes

A

Complement system

28
Q

What are the pathways that activate the complement system?

A

a. Alternative pathway
b. Classical pathway
c. Lectin pathway

29
Q

What initiates the alternative pathway?

A

Microbe

30
Q

What initiates the classical pathway?

A

Antibody

31
Q

What initiates the lectin pathway?

A

Mannose-binding lectin

32
Q

C3a =

A

Inflammation

33
Q

C3b =

A

Opsonization and phagocytosis

34
Q

C5a =

A

Inflammation

34
Q

C6-9 =

A

Lysis of microbe

35
Q

These kill virus-infected cells

A

NK cells

36
Q

These secrete interferon y (gamma) which activates macrophages

A

NK cells

37
Q

Do NK cells directly bind to pathogens and kill them?

A

No

38
Q

When the inhibitory receptor is not engaged, what does NK cell do?

A

Activated, kills the infected cell

38
Q

NK cell’s inhibitory receptors engage what?

A

Self-antigens presented on an interacting cell X

38
Q

These are secreted by virus-infected cells and induce an anti-viral state in surrounding cells

A

IFN a/b

39
Q

When the inhibitory receptor is engaged, what does NK cell do?

A

Not activated

40
Q

How many signals are required for lymphocyte activation in the innate immune system?

A

2 signals

Microbiology (6 decks)

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