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Microbiology > Lecture 2: Microbial physiology and metabolism > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Microbial physiology and metabolism Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What macromolecules are required for cell components?

A

a. C
b. O
c. N
d. S
e. P

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2
Q

What trace elements are required for cell components?

A

a. Mn, Zn, Co, Mb, Ni, Cu

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3
Q

This organism uses light as energy

A

Phototrophs

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4
Q

This organism uses the oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds

A

Chemotrophs

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5
Q

These organisms use reduced inorganic molecules

A

Lithotrophs

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6
Q

These organisms use organic molecules

A

Organotrophs

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7
Q

These organisms use CO2 mainly

A

Autotrophs

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8
Q

These organisms use reduced, preformed organic molecules (carbon)

A

Heterotrophs

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9
Q

How do organisms get their Nitrogen source?

A

Ammonia nitrate → ammonia

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9
Q

What lifestyle do all organisms engage in?

A

Chemoorganotrophic heterotrophy

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10
Q

These perform anaerobic respiration and fermentation

A

Strict anaerobes

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10
Q

These perform aerobic respiration only

A

Strict aerobes

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11
Q

Strict aerobes have what final electron acceptor?

A

Oxygen

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12
Q

What is the final electron acceptor for strict anaerobes performing fermentation?

A

Organic molecules

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12
Q

What is the final electron acceptor for strict anaerobes performing anaerobic respiration?

A

Inorganic molecule

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12
Q

Facultative anaerobes can perform what?

A

Respiration and fermentation

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13
Q

The cytochrome d branch on E. coli is what phase?

A

Low aeration, stationary phase

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13
Q

What is the most medically relevant bacteria?

A

Facultative anaerobes

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14
Q

The cytochrome O branch on E. Coli is what phase?

A

High aeration, log phase

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15
Q

These have a special CO2 requirement

A

Capnophilic

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16
Q

This moves from higher concentration to lower concentration

A

Facilitated diffusion

17
Q

Does facilitated diffusion have an energy requirement?

A

No

18
Q

These are carrier proteins that are embedded in the plasma membrane that aid in facilitated diffusion

A

Permeases

18
Q

Is the rate of transport faster for facilitated or passive?

A

Facilitated diffusion

19
Q

These are transported substances that are ALTERED chemically during the process

A

Group translocation

19
Q

This is when energy is used to drive the accumulation of a substance, which remains UNCHANGED by the transport process

A

Active transport

20
Q

What energy and system does group translocation use?

A

a. PEP
b. Phosphotransferase system

21
Q

What kind of active transport systems are there?

A

a. Ion-driven
b. Binding protein-dependent

22
Q

This active transport system uses proton motive force by coupling to an energetically unfavorable transport event

A

Ion-driven transport system

23
Q

What are common substances transferred by the ion-driven transport system?

A

Amino acids

24
Q

This active transport system, use membrane proteins that form a channel and drive substance through the channel and drive substances through the channel using the energy from ATP hydrolysis

A

Binding protein-dependent

25
Q
  1. What are the common substances transferred by the binding-protein dependent system?
A

a. Sugar
b. Amino acids

26
Q

Is ferric iron soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

27
Q

What do microorganisms use to aid in iron uptake?

A

Siderophores

28
Q

These are organisms that have complex needs and can only grown in association with the human body or in a complex culture medium

A

Nutritionally fastidious

29
Q

What is an example of a organism that requires complex needs or a complex culture such as BLOOD AGAR?

A

a. Staphylococci
b. Streptococci

30
Q

What is an example of a bacteria that is a obligate intracellular parasite?

A

Chlamydia

31
Q

What are the stages of microbial growth and resting states?

A

a. Lag
b. Exponential
c. Stationary

32
Q

The result of regulation is that pathways can be

A

a. Switched on and off
b. Be turned up or turned down

33
Q

How is control established?

A

a. Control of enzyme activity
b. Control number of enzyme molecules

33
Q

Allosteric sites bind regulatory molecules that are

A

a. Noncovalent
b. Reversible
c. Affects the activity of the enzyme

33
Q

This is when an enzyme is not bound to the active site but to a different site for regulation?

A

Allosteric regulation

33
Q

A cell has abundant levels of leucine and, as a consequence, decreases the production of an enzyme for leucine biosynthesis by terminating transcription of the mRNA for the enzyme after it has already started. The mechanisms involves ribosomes read-through of a small open reading
fram at the 5’ end of the mRNA that results in creation of a transcription structure in the mRNA.
This is an example of

A

Attenuation

34
Q

Allosteric regulation directly affects what?

A

a. Change affinity of the enzyme for substrate
b. Changes in vmax

35
Q

This increases initiation of TRANSCRIPTION of the mRNA region

A

Gene induction by an inducer

35
Q

Attenuation occurs in what region of enzyme synthesis, does what, and what molecule?

A

a. mRNA
b. Terminates transcription is abundant leucine or starts if no leucine
c. Leucine

36
Q

The lac repressor protein does what?

A

Blocks transcription for the coding region

36
Q

These help block transcription by placing a protein next or the operator site

A

Gene repression by a corepressor

37
Q

What does an inducer do?

A

Blocks the lac repressor protein allowing for transcription

38
Q

A cell has abundant levels of tryptophan and, as a consequence, decreases the production of an
enzyme for tryptophan biosynthesis by preventing the initiation of transcription of the mRNA for
the enzyme. This is an example of

A

Gene repression by a corepressor

Microbiology (6 decks)

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