Lecture 5 - Glycolysis

Question 1

Site of Glycolysis

Answer 1

cytoplasm of liver cells

Question 2

Problem with Glucose

Answer 2

Can’t enter the phospholipid bilayer on its on, needs GLUT-4 transporters (sent by insulin) to go from the bloodstream to the liver cells

Question 3

Step 1 of glycolysis

Answer 3

GLUT-2 transporters move glucose into the liver

• po4 locks it in

Question 4

Step 2 of glycolysis

Answer 4

phosphorylate (add a PO4 on C-6) glucose to form G6P (6C)
- locks glucose in

• by adding a PO4 we turn ATP into ADP
  = -1 ATP

enzyme: hexokinase

Question 5

Step 3 of glycolysis

Answer 5

reversible step

G3P converts into isomer F6P
enzyme: isomerase

Question 6

Step 4 of glycolysis

Answer 6

Phosphorylate F6P (add PO4 on C-1) to get F 1,6 BP (unstable molecule)

• • by adding a PO4 we turn ATP into ADP
    = -1 ATP

enzyme: phosphofructokinase

Question 7

why does F 1,6 BP break down

Answer 7

It’s unstable on its own
- two high energy phosphate bonds that are prone to hydrolysis

Question 8

Step 5 of glycolysis

Answer 8

• reversible

F 1,6 BP splits into DHAP and G3P

enzyme: aldolase

——AND THEN——

• DHAP turns into isomer G3P to form (total) 2 G3Ps

enzyme: isomerase

Question 9

Step 6 of glycolysis

Answer 9

• reversible
• phosphorylate G3P (add inorganic PO4) to form 2 1,3BPG
• convert 2NAD+ into 2NADH (stealing electrons from glucose)

enzyme: g3p Dehydrogenase

Question 10

Step 7 of glycolysis

Answer 10

Create 2 ATP from 2ADP to make 2 3PG
+ 2 ATP

enzyme: phosphoglyceratekinase

- po4

Question 11

Step 8 of glycolysis

Answer 11

Turn 2 3PG into 2, 2PG by moving the PO4
enzyme: phosphoglycerate mutate

Question 12

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Answer 12

1) Glucose
2) G6P
3) F6P
4) F1,6 BP
5) DHAP, G3P
6) 1,3BPG
7) 3PG
8) 2PG
9) PEP
10) Pyruvate

Question 13

Step 9 of glycolysis

Answer 13

Turn 2PG into PEP by removing H2O

enzyme: enolase

Question 14

Step 10 of glycolysis

Answer 14

PEP to Pyruvate
- Add O2 onto PO4 (etc)
- Take PO4 off PEP using 2 ADP to then make 2 ATP

enzyme: pyruvate kinase

add inorganic phopshate

Question 15

products

Answer 15

4 atp
2 nadh
2 pyruvate (can go through krebs or fermentation)
** atp is indirectly formed through nadh **

Question 16

enzymes of glycolysis

Answer 16

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1) Hexokinase
2) Phosphoglucose Isomerase
3) Phosphofructokinase
4) Adolase
5) Phosphate Isomerase
6) Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
7) Phosphoglycerate kinase
8) Phosphoglycerate mutase
9) Enolase
10) Pyruvate Kinase