Lecture 5 - Glycolysis Flashcards
Site of Glycolysis
cytoplasm of liver cells
Problem with Glucose
Can’t enter the phospholipid bilayer on its on, needs GLUT-4 transporters (sent by insulin) to go from the bloodstream to the liver cells
Step 1 of glycolysis
GLUT-2 transporters move glucose into the liver
- po4 locks it in
Step 2 of glycolysis
phosphorylate (add a PO4 on C-6) glucose to form G6P (6C)
- locks glucose in
- by adding a PO4 we turn ATP into ADP
= -1 ATP
enzyme: hexokinase
Step 3 of glycolysis
reversible step
G6p converts into isomer F6P
enzyme: isomerase
Step 4 of glycolysis
Phosphorylate F6P (add PO4 on C-1) to get F 1,6 BP (unstable molecule)
- by adding a PO4 we turn ATP into ADP
= -1 ATP
- by adding a PO4 we turn ATP into ADP
enzyme: phosphofructokinase
why does F 1,6 BP break down
It’s unstable on its own
- two high energy phosphate bonds that are prone to hydrolysis
Step 5 of glycolysis
- reversible
F 1,6 BP splits into DHAP and G3P
enzyme: aldolase
——AND THEN——
- DHAP turns into isomer G3P to form (total) 2 G3Ps
enzyme: isomerase
Step 6 of glycolysis
- reversible
- phosphorylate G3P (add inorganic PO4) to form 2 1,3BPG
- convert 2NAD+ into 2NADH (stealing electrons from glucose)
enzyme: g3p Dehydrogenase
Step 7 of glycolysis
Create 2 ATP from 2ADP to make 2 3PG
+ 2 ATP
enzyme: phosphoglyceratekinase
- po4
Step 8 of glycolysis
Turn 2 3PG into 2, 2PG by moving the PO4
enzyme: phosphoglycerate mutate
Goodness Gracious, Father Franklin Did Go By Picking Pumpkins to Prepare Pies.
1) Glucose
2) G6P
3) F6P
4) F1,6 BP
5) DHAP, G3P
6) 1,3BPG
7) 3PG
8) 2PG
9) PEP
10) Pyruvate
Step 9 of glycolysis
Turn 2PG into PEP by removing H2O
enzyme: enolase
Step 10 of glycolysis
PEP to Pyruvate
- Add O2 onto PO4 (etc)
- Take PO4 off PEP using 2 ADP to then make 2 ATP
enzyme: pyruvate kinase
add inorganic phopshate
products
4 atp
2 nadh
2 pyruvate (can go through krebs or fermentation)
** atp is indirectly formed through nadh **
