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MSK > Lecture 5 - gluteal region and posterior thigh > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - gluteal region and posterior thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Fascia lata

A

Deep fascia
Superiorly continuous with the abdominal wall fascia
Inferiorly continuous with the deep fascia of the leg (crural).

Thinnest medially over the adductor muscles of the leg

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2
Q

Saphenous opening in the fascia lata

A

Just below the inguinal ligament

Where the saphenous vein (drains femoral vein) and lymphatics which drain into the inguinal lymph nodes enter

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3
Q

Iliotibial tract

A

Thickening of the fascia lata laterally

Runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle at knee

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4
Q

Tensor fascia lata origins, insertions, innervation and action

A

Origin: ASIS

Inserts: between the two layers of the iliotibial tract at upper middle 2/3rds of thigh

Innervated: superior gluteal nerve (L5,S1, S2)

Action: - Stabalise hip during extension
- Help stabalise knee by steadying condyles
when standing
-Assist abduction of hip joint
- Hoists fascia lata up, improving venous return

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5
Q

Superficial gluteal muscles

A
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Glutues minimus
  • Tensor fascia lata
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6
Q

Deep gluteal muscles

A 
Piriformis 
Gemellus superior 
Obturator internus 
Gemellus inferior 
Quadratus femoris
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7
Q

Gluteus maximum origin, insertion, action and innervation

A

Origin: gluteal surface of the ilium, saxrum and coccyx

Insertion: Superficial- iliotibial tract
Deep - Gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Action: Main extensor of the thigh
Assists with lateral rotation
Assists extension of knee via iliotibial tract

  • Walking up the stairs
  • Running

Innervation - Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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8
Q

Glutues Medius origin, insertion, action and innervation

A

Origin: gluteal surface of the ileum

Insertion: Lateral surface of the greater trochanter

Action: Abduction of the hip
Medial rotation
Secures pelvis in horizontal alignment when
walking

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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9
Q

Gluteus minimus origin, insertion, action and innervation

A

Origin: Ilium

Insertion: Anterior surface of the greater trochanter

Action: Abduction of the hip
Medial rotation
Secures the pelvis in horizontal alignment when
walking

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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10
Q

When can a superior gluteal nerve injury occur

A

During hip surgery
Fracture of the greater trochanter
Injections in the buttocks
Dislocation of the hip joint

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11
Q

Trendelenberg sign

A

When stood on one foot, the pelvis tilts towards the unsupported side.

The side opposite the weak muscle tilts

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12
Q

Piriformis origin, insertion, action and innervation

A

Origin: anterior sacrum
(through the greater sciatic foramen)

Insertion: Posterosuperior aspect of the greater trochanter

Action: Lateral rotation
Abduction of the lower limb

Innervation: Nerve to piriformis

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13
Q

Obturator internus origin, insertion, action and innervation

A

Origin: Medial surface of the obturator membrane and adjacent pubis and ischium

(travels through the lesser sciatic foramen)

Insertion: Posterior aspect of the greater trochanter
(below the insertion of the piriformis and Superior gemellus)

Action: Lateral rotation
Abduction of the lower limb

Innervation: Nerve to the Obturater Internus

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14
Q

Superior gemellus origin, insertion, action and innervation

A

Origin: Ischial spine

Insertion: Posterior surface of the greater trochanter below the piriformis muscle

Action: Lateral rotation
Abduction of the lower limb

Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus

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15
Q

Inferior gemellus origin, insertion, action and innervation

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Posterior aspect of the greater trochanter below the Obturator internus insertion

Action: Lateral rotation
Abduction of the lower limb

Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris

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16
Q

Quadratus femoris origin, insertion, action and innervation

A

Origin: Lateral aspect of the ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Quadrate tubercle (intertrochanteric crest)

Action: Lateral rotation

Innervation: Nerve to the quadratus femoris

17
Q

Obturator externus origin, insertion, action and innervation

A

Deep gluteal muscle and in medial compartment of the thigh

Origin: External surface of the obturator membrane and adjacent pubis and ischium

(passes posterior to the femoral neck)

Insertion: Posterior aspect of the greater trochanter

Action: Adduction
Lateral rotation

Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

18
Q

Hamstrings (posterior thigh muscles)

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris long head and short head
Small hamstring component of the adductor magnus

  • Extend thigh at hip and flex leg at the knee
  • Innervated by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve except the short head of the biceps femoris = common peroneal part of the sciatic nerve
19
Q

Biceps femoris origin, insertion, action and innervation

A

Origin: Long head - ischial tuberosity
Short head - linear aspera on the femur

Insertion: Head of the fibula

Action: Flex leg at the knee
Extend the thigh at the hip
Lateral rotation

Innervation: Long head - tibial aspect of the sciatic nerve
short head - common peroneal aspect of
the nerve

20
Q

Semitendinosus origin, insertion, action and innervation

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
(medial to biceps femoris + superficial to semimembranosus)

Insertion: Pes anserinus (upper medial tibia)

Action: Flex leg at the knee
Extension of the thigh at the hip
Medially rotates the thigh at hip and leg at knee

Innervation: Tibial part of the sciatic nerve

21
Q

Semimembranosus origin, insertion, action and innervation

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
(deep to semitendinosus)

Insertion: Medial tibial condyle

Action: Flex leg at the knee
Extends the thigh at the hip
Internal rotation of thigh at hip and leg at knee

Innervation: Tibial aspect of the sciatic nerve

22
Q

Pulled hamstring

A

Cause: Sudden onset muscle exertion causing stretching of hamstrings

  • sudden tension
  • muscle sprain
  • partial tear
  • complete tear
  • complete tear with avulsion of a fragment of bone

MSK (28 decks)

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