Lecture 5- genetic information, storage and transfer

Question 1

Geontype

Answer 1

The set of genes inherited

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

Individual characteristics and appearance

Question 3

Epigenetics

Answer 3

Chemical modifications to genes that turn them on/off
Heritable and passed on as cells divide

Question 4

Factors effecting phenotype

Answer 4

Genotype
Epigenetics
Environment eg, height and malnutrition
Randomness- some processes do not repeat exactly

Question 5

How to study effects of genetics?

Answer 5

Take similar genetic backgrounds or environments

Question 6

How to clone a mammal

Answer 6

Remove genetic material from an egg cell
Fuse enucleated egg with cell from the animal to be clones or transfer nucleus from donor cell
Zap with electrical pulse to activate new hybrid cell
Implant into surrogate mother

Question 7

Identical twins

Answer 7

‘natural clones’
Occur when a fertilised egg splits early during development

Question 8

How do genes influence phenotypes?

Answer 8

Genes code for proteins
Proteins act inside cells
Cells interact with other cels
Organs and tissues are established
The organism is assembled and grows