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SAMS 1 > Lecture 5: Feline Cardiac Disease > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Feline Cardiac Disease Flashcards

1
Q

define cardiomyopathy

A

heart muscle diseases that results in cardiac dysfunction

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2
Q

what is systolic dysfunction

A

contraction dysfunction

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3
Q

what is diastolic dysfunction

A

relaxation dysfunction

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4
Q

what are the mutated genes/proteins for HCM

A

contractile proteins/sarcomeric

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5
Q

what are the mutated genes/proteins for DCM

A

structural proteins/ cytoskeletal

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6
Q

what is the gold standard dx tool for cardiomyopathy

A

echo

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7
Q

what is HCM

A

hypertrophy/ thickening of non-dilated ventricle

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8
Q

does HCM have systolic or diastolic dysfunction

A

diastolic dysfunction (can’t relax )

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9
Q

what genes are associated with HCM, especially Maine coons and ragdolls

A

cardiac myosin binding protein C

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10
Q

what are the echo findings for HCM

A

LV wall thickness > or = 6mm

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11
Q

what is another term for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

A

systolic anterior motion of mitral valve

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12
Q

what occurs with HOCM

A

chordal laxity and papillary muscle displacement that results in mitral valve flipping back into left ventricle

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13
Q

what are echo findings for HOCM

A

systolic anterior motion of mitral valve, mitral regurgitation, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction

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14
Q

what is tx for HOCM and what is the goal

A

atenolol, decrease HR to decrease SAM/LVOT

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15
Q

from cat- what wrong/what consistent with

A

monocyte disarray
HCM

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16
Q

Define DCM

A

left ventricular dilation

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17
Q

does DCM have systolic or diastolic dysfunction

A

systolic/ contraction dysfunction

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18
Q

what are the echo findings for DCM

A

LV dilation >18mm
LV end systolic dimension >14mm
Fractional shortening (estimate of contractility < 28%
+/- left atrial enlargement

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19
Q

from cat what wrong and what indicative of

A

Attenuated wavy fibers consistent with DCM

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20
Q

what is restrictive CM

A

reduced filling of one or both ventricles

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21
Q

does restrictive CM have diastolic or systolic dysfunction

A

diastolic (relaxation) dysfunction

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22
Q

what are the echo findings for RCM

A

LA or biatrial enlargement, fibrosis/scaring

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23
Q

cats with RCM have high risk of __

24
Q

what is arrhthmogenic right ventricular CM

A

right ventricular dilation due to fibrofatty replacement of myocardium

25
what are echo findings for ARVC
right atrium and/or right ventricular dilation, tricuspid regurgitation, abnormal septal involvement
26
from cat- what wrong and what consistent with
Increase fat- ARVC
27
what % of cats have CM in healthy population
15%
28
plateau shaped murmurs indicative of __
regurgitation
29
diamond shaped murmurs indicative of __
ejection
30
t or f: murmurs are a good indicator for CM in cats
false
31
systemic hypertension is a secondary cause of __
left ventricular hypertrophy
32
what is normal systolic BP in cats and what is BP consistent with LVH
normal: 180mmHg LVH: >200mmHg
33
what underlying disease is often seen with systemic hypertension causing LVH
chronic kidney disease
34
cuff size should be __-__% circumference of limb or tail
30-40%
35
how many measurements should you take for indirect BP
5-7, discard first one and average the rest
36
what is tx for systemic hypertension
amlodipine +/- ACE inhibitor
37
how can hyperthyroidism affect heart
cardiac remodeling- LVH
38
what are the direct effects of hyperthyroidism on heart
expression of myosin heavy chain genes
39
what is the indirect effect of hyperthyroidism on heart
increase SNS—> increase BP, HR, hypertrophy
40
What is tx for hyperthyroidism
methimazole, radio iodine I-31 therapy
41
cat left ventricle what is dx
HCM- thick walls and small lumen
42
cat echo- arrow indicates movement of mitral valve- what wrong
HOCM/systolic anterior motion of mitral valve
43
Which of the following is normal vs abnormal and what wrong
left: normal Right: abnormal- thin walls, dilated LV—> DCM
44
echo shows huge LA, what consistent with
RCM
45
echo shows huge RA, what consistent with
ARVC
46
What is used as a prognostic indicator for cats with cardiomyopathy developing CHF
left atrial size, LA/Ao ratio >1.6
47
Cats with left atrial enlargement are at risk for __ and should be put on __
thrombus formation, antithrombotic (clopidogrel)
48
thrombus causes release of __ and __
serotonin and thromboxane (vasoconstrictors)
49
thromboembolism’s result in low cardiac output which cause low __
temperature
50
what is MOA for rivaroxaban
factor Xa inhibitor (anti-clot)
51
what is rapamycin used for
1. Reduce maladaptive hypertrophy 2. Improve myocardial relaxation 3. Decrease myocardial fibrosis Helps/ reverses HCM
52
Cat presents for breathing heavily, on PE- no murmur gallop rhythm in left eternal border, intermittent pauses (VPC’s), normal lung sounds, enlarged LA and HCM. What is tx plan
1. Furosemide 2. Benazepril 3. Clopidogrel
53
t or f: pimobendan is no longer recommended for tx of HCM
true
54
case ex: 5yr MN DSH presents with acute hx of increase respiratory effort, no murmur, irregular rhythm, pulmonary crackles, X-ray shows enlarged heart, ECG- a-fib, LA enlarged, thin walls-DCM. What is tx
1.furosemide 2. Benazepril 3. Pimobendan 4. Clopidogrel 5. +/- taurine supplementation 6. Diltiazem (a-fib)
55
2yr FS DSH presents with acute hx of left front limb lameness and vocalizing. Patient is hypothermic, grade 3/6 systolic murmur, increase airway noise, no deep pain in left front limb. Cyanotic nail beds. What wrong and what tx
thrombus 1. Pain- buprenorphine, fentanyl CIR 2. LMWH 3. Benazepril 4. +/- furosemide
56
what is indicative of disease progression on echo for cats developing CHF
increase left atrial size

SAMS 1 (17 decks)

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