Lecture 5 - Cytokines & Chemokines (Bailey)

Question 1

TNF-alpha

Answer 1

• INNATE IMMUNITY
• PROFLAMMATORY response to gram negative bacteria
• made my many cells
• recruits neutrophils, monocytes, and active T cells to site of infection

Question 2

Does TNF alpha have beneficial effects of detrimental effects on the body?

Answer 2

Both

Question 3

IL-1

Answer 3

-INNATE IMMUNITY
-PROINFLAMMATORY
same effects as TNF alpha
-made by monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils.

Question 4

IL-6

Answer 4

-INNATE IMMUNITY
-PROINFLAMMATORY
same effects as TNF alpha and IL-1
-also involved in INDUCTION OF ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE
-made by macrophages and T cells

Question 5

IL-12

Answer 5

INNATE and ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
PROINFLAMMATORY
-responds to INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS
-generates adaptive immune response for intracellular pathogens (TH1 immunity)
-stimuates Th1, NK, & CD8+ T cells to produce IFN, which activates macrophages.
-therefore, INDIRECTLY important for MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION

Question 6

What cytokines cause you to feel sick?

Answer 6

Most of them, but his slide has IL-1 and IL-6 on it really big.

Question 7

What type of adaptive immune response is appropriate for INTRACELLULAR pathogens?

Answer 7

T helper 1 immunity

- macrophages & CTLs
- IFN-gamma (and IL-2)

Question 8

What type of adaptive immune response is appropriate for EXTRACELLULAR pathogens?

Answer 8

T helper 2 immunity

 - antibodies, mast cells, eosinophils
 - IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 (and IL-2)

Question 9

What cytokine helps to indirectly activate macrophages?

Answer 9

IL-12 induces the production of IFN-gamma

Question 10

Which 3 cells produce IFN-gamma?

Answer 10

NK cells
cytotoxic T cells
T helper cells

Question 11

Which cytokines are produced by cells of the ADAPTIVE immune system? (aka T-cells)?

Answer 11

Th1 type immunity
-IFN-gamma & IL-2
Th2 type immunity
-IL-4, Il-5, IL-13 & IL-2

Question 12

What type of immunity is IL-4?

Answer 12

Th2

Question 13

What type of immunity is !L-5?

Answer 13

Th2

Question 14

What type of immunity is IFN-gamma?

Answer 14

TH1

Question 15

What type of immunity is IL-2

Answer 15

both Th2 and Th1

Question 16

What type of immunity is IL-13?

Answer 16

Th2

Question 17

Which cytokine is needed for growth, survival, and differentiation of BOTH T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 17

IL-2

Question 18

Which type of T cells (helper, cytotoxic) produce IL-2?

Answer 18

T helper cells

Question 19

What do T helper cells produce that is important for T cell clonal expansion (both helper and cytotoxic)?

Answer 19

IL-2

Question 20

What type of pathogen (intra/extracellular) does Th2 immunity deal with?

Answer 20

extracellular

Question 21

What type of pathogen (intra/extracellular) does Th1 immunity deal with?

Answer 21

intracellular

Question 22

Why is IFN-gamma so important?

Answer 22

1. allow macrophages to kill intracellular microbes
2. enhance microbicidal activity
3. increase production of opsonizing antibodies
4. increase antigen presentation

Question 23

Which Th2 cytokine induces naive Th cells to differentiate into Th2 cells?

Answer 23

IL-4

Question 24

What is IL-4’s function that deals with B cells?

Answer 24

stimulates Ig class switching to IgE

Question 25

What cytokine(s) stimulate(s) class switching to IgE?

Answer 25

IL-4 and IL-13 (Th2 cytokines)

Question 26

Which Th2 cytokine stimulates mucous production in gut and lung?

Answer 26

IL-13

Question 27

What are the Th2 cytokines?

Answer 27

IL-4 IL-5 IL-13 (and IL-2)

Question 28

Which Th2 cytokine can facilitate inflammation by increasing adhesion molecule and chemokine expression?

Answer 28

IL-13

Question 29

What does IL-5 do?

Answer 29

EOSINOPHIL differentiation, proliferation, and activation

Question 30

Which 2 cytokines help activate the adaptive immune response (particularly the Th1 immune response)?

Answer 30

IL-12 & IFN

Question 31

Why is IL-10 special?

Answer 31

It is an inhibitory cytokine.

Question 32

What does IL-10 inhibit?

Answer 32

PRODUCTION OF IL-12 by macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 33

What inhibits production of IL-12?

Answer 33

IL-10

Question 34

Is IL-10 proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory?

Answer 34

anti-inflammatory

Question 35

What happens to the adaptive immune response when IL-10 inhibits the production of IL-12?

Answer 35

It shuts down b/c IL-12 activates NK cells, and T helper cells

Question 36

What do chemokines do?

Answer 36

Increase the affinity of integrins (on leukocytes) for the integrin ligands (on endothelial cells)

Question 37

What are the 5 families of cytokine receptors?

Answer 37

1. Type 1 cytokine receptor 2. Type 2 cytokine receptor 3. TNF receptor superfamily 4. IL-1 receptor family 5. 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors

Question 38

What cytokines bind to Type 1 cytokine receptors?

Answer 38

IL-2, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13

Question 39

What cytokines bind to Type 2 cytokine receptors?

Answer 39

IFN-gamma, IL-10

Question 40

Which cytokines bind to TNF receptors?

Answer 40

TNF-alpha

Question 41

Which cytokines bind to IL-1 receptor family?

Answer 41

IL-1