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Micro/Immuno Exam 1 > Lecture 5 - Cytokines & Chemokines (Bailey) > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Cytokines & Chemokines (Bailey) Flashcards

1
Q

TNF-alpha

A
  • INNATE IMMUNITY
  • PROFLAMMATORY response to gram negative bacteria
  • made my many cells
  • recruits neutrophils, monocytes, and active T cells to site of infection
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2
Q

Does TNF alpha have beneficial effects of detrimental effects on the body?

A

Both

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3
Q

IL-1

A

-INNATE IMMUNITY
-PROINFLAMMATORY
same effects as TNF alpha
-made by monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils.

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4
Q

IL-6

A

-INNATE IMMUNITY
-PROINFLAMMATORY
same effects as TNF alpha and IL-1
-also involved in INDUCTION OF ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE
-made by macrophages and T cells

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5
Q

IL-12

A

INNATE and ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
PROINFLAMMATORY
-responds to INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS
-generates adaptive immune response for intracellular pathogens (TH1 immunity)
-stimuates Th1, NK, & CD8+ T cells to produce IFN, which activates macrophages.
-therefore, INDIRECTLY important for MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION

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6
Q

What cytokines cause you to feel sick?

A

Most of them, but his slide has IL-1 and IL-6 on it really big.

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7
Q

What type of adaptive immune response is appropriate for INTRACELLULAR pathogens?

A

T helper 1 immunity

- macrophages & CTLs
- IFN-gamma (and IL-2)
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8
Q

What type of adaptive immune response is appropriate for EXTRACELLULAR pathogens?

A

T helper 2 immunity

 - antibodies, mast cells, eosinophils
 - IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 (and IL-2)
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9
Q

What cytokine helps to indirectly activate macrophages?

A

IL-12 induces the production of IFN-gamma

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10
Q

Which 3 cells produce IFN-gamma?

A

NK cells
cytotoxic T cells
T helper cells

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11
Q

Which cytokines are produced by cells of the ADAPTIVE immune system? (aka T-cells)?

A

Th1 type immunity
-IFN-gamma & IL-2
Th2 type immunity
-IL-4, Il-5, IL-13 & IL-2

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12
Q

What type of immunity is IL-4?

A

Th2

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13
Q

What type of immunity is !L-5?

A

Th2

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14
Q

What type of immunity is IFN-gamma?

A

TH1

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15
Q

What type of immunity is IL-2

A

both Th2 and Th1

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16
Q

What type of immunity is IL-13?

A

Th2

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17
Q

Which cytokine is needed for growth, survival, and differentiation of BOTH T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells?

18
Q

Which type of T cells (helper, cytotoxic) produce IL-2?

A

T helper cells

19
Q

What do T helper cells produce that is important for T cell clonal expansion (both helper and cytotoxic)?

20
Q

What type of pathogen (intra/extracellular) does Th2 immunity deal with?

A

extracellular

21
Q

What type of pathogen (intra/extracellular) does Th1 immunity deal with?

A

intracellular

22
Q

Why is IFN-gamma so important?

A
  1. allow macrophages to kill intracellular microbes
  2. enhance microbicidal activity
  3. increase production of opsonizing antibodies
  4. increase antigen presentation
23
Q

Which Th2 cytokine induces naive Th cells to differentiate into Th2 cells?

24
Q

What is IL-4’s function that deals with B cells?

A

stimulates Ig class switching to IgE

25
Q

What cytokine(s) stimulate(s) class switching to IgE?

A

IL-4 and IL-13 (Th2 cytokines)

26
Q

Which Th2 cytokine stimulates mucous production in gut and lung?

27
Q

What are the Th2 cytokines?

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13
(and IL-2)

28
Q

Which Th2 cytokine can facilitate inflammation by increasing adhesion molecule and chemokine expression?

29
Q

What does IL-5 do?

A

EOSINOPHIL differentiation, proliferation, and activation

30
Q

Which 2 cytokines help activate the adaptive immune response (particularly the Th1 immune response)?

A

IL-12 & IFN

31
Q

Why is IL-10 special?

A

It is an inhibitory cytokine.

32
Q

What does IL-10 inhibit?

A

PRODUCTION OF IL-12 by macrophages and dendritic cells

33
Q

What inhibits production of IL-12?

34
Q

Is IL-10 proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory?

A

anti-inflammatory

35
Q

What happens to the adaptive immune response when IL-10 inhibits the production of IL-12?

A

It shuts down b/c IL-12 activates NK cells, and T helper cells

36
Q

What do chemokines do?

A

Increase the affinity of integrins (on leukocytes) for the integrin ligands (on endothelial cells)

37
Q

What are the 5 families of cytokine receptors?

A
  1. Type 1 cytokine receptor
  2. Type 2 cytokine receptor
  3. TNF receptor superfamily
  4. IL-1 receptor family
  5. 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors
38
Q

What cytokines bind to Type 1 cytokine receptors?

A

IL-2, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13

39
Q

What cytokines bind to Type 2 cytokine receptors?

A

IFN-gamma, IL-10

40
Q

Which cytokines bind to TNF receptors?

41
Q

Which cytokines bind to IL-1 receptor family?

Micro/Immuno Exam 1 (10 decks)

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