Lecture 5 - Communication modes and access methods Flashcards
Define no tech, low/lite tech and high tech w examples
- No tech=no aids
- Low/lite tech= picture boards, very simple device, couple of messages, switch, alphabet board
- High tech= fancy multi-level display, SGD, speech output…
True or false - ALS is low tech
FALSE it is NO tech
What degree of tech is text to speech?
High
What are some reasons you: May choose low tech over high tech ?
- Someone who is no tech savvy or dislikes technology
- Visual acuity not as strong (however have large display high tech versions)
- Motor abilities
- Need low-tech back-up in case tech isn’t working
- Financial barriers
- Environments that are not tech friendly (e.g. swimming pool, ICU, bathroom, outdoors – sunlight/rain/snow)
Many clients don’t use ___-tech with family because their family
Don’t use high - family already knows the client’s no or low-tech modes so well & can communicate without it
What are the five circles of the social network. does inner or outer circle require more tech?
1) fam/life partner
2) friends
3) acquaintances
4) paid professionals
5) Unfamiliar partners
> the further out the more tech required
List and explain the low tech devices discussed in class
> Single messaging devices (record one msg),
multi msg single switch devices (Program a series of messages to follow a convo
“Hi how are you, im fine, lets talk about the news “)
Simple SGDs (static display)
Voice amplifiers (fundable, also AAC, doesn’t help clarity)
Electrolarynx - cheap online
HOw much funding do AAC users receive? renting? Trials?
- 1 device is funded every 5 years for an AAC user in Ontario
- No funding is provided for apps
- Cannot prescribe multiple devices
- Trial period for high tech devices
- If renting then can change equipment any # of times
- Single message device (e.g. switch) is very expensive for just 1 message
LIghtwriter SL40 and allora are what type of high tech?
Text to speech (high)
What type of devices use high tech dynamic displays?
e.g. tablets – windows, Android, Apple
Give some examples of writing aids and who would use them
Screen readers, wor prediction, writing w symbols, adaptive equipment
> for people who are Computer literate but
cant hand write
What type of tech would we use for the 4 cases discussed?
- James (3.5) = depends on behaviour (e.g. physically aggressive or angry person is not good with high tech devices), low tech (symbols, core)
- Jane=high, low & no tech
- Mary=depends on preference – high or low (if high also give low)
- Fred=high, low, and no-tech
What are the 3 access methods?
Direct, quasi-direct and indirect
What is direct selection?
“pointing” to the disered item (sometimes v slow)
What are some Physical adaptations for direct accesss
- Key guard (holes on screen to help client push the right button)
- Head pointer
- Hold adapted stylus to point
How can we Adjust screens & sensitivity of devices to improve direct selection?
- If client is shaky, adjust device to require client to hold down button a longer or a selection
- Can make screen less sensitive
- If client needs to rest on the screen, change settings so that last place client touches & lifts off will be selected (touch exit)
What is quasi direct selection and give examples
Mouse, trackball, wheelchair drive to control mouse on the screen, head mouse
- “Dwell” – place the mouse stays will be selected
- Keep person away from scanning if possible!
- Joystick
- Eye gaze (e.g. dynavox)
- Morse code (dots & dashes) – 2 switches (can accept into text on screen)
What is indirect selection?
- Scanning – switch to go through pattern of buttons for selection (usually 1-2 switches)
- Group scan: by row or column, 1 switch, automatic (device scans for you)
- Step: press switch to advance
- Most clients have 2-3 seconds per choice
True or false Low tech is easier to manage with scanning
TRUE - for high tech if you make a mistake while scanning there is a high price to pay
True or false there is more social interaction with high tech
False - more with low - need a partners assistance
What types of symbols are most difficult to scan?
Bliss (abstract) or virtual (hidden buttons – will need to make them visible)
What type of selection is scanning? What the different types of scanning ?
Indirect
- types = patterns, linear, group - one, 2 or multiple switch, automatic or step
What is auditory scanning? Low vs. high?
Low tech = Listener assisted - partner provides options, client says yes to select
High: device assisted, automatically moves columns then hit switch to select
Why is direct often the preferred choice?
because it’s cause & effect (if you move away from this then it leads to cognitive load)
Why does scanning have high cognitive demand
need to remember the item you want to select & wait until it’s highlighted – sustained attention & multi-tasking
True or false - if you have a functioning high tech system there’s no need for a low tech system
False you should always have both
List and explain the 5 potential adaptations for scanning with a switch
Pattern: grouping > can be custom made, not always spelling
Another is 1 at a time > linear scanning -This is the slowest of the slow, But if person cant handle groupings they need this
Speed/rate : Can slow down to 5 secs at a time
Switches :Really are in the OT world here, but there are tons of switches. You can scan with core, preset messages, You can have multiple switches, You can have scan move in different directions
> You can have 2 different switches - one You press it to move through the rows, Other switch you hit to select
Feedback : High tech devices can give auditory feedback by saying the row numbers and such
True or false it’s better to go straight to indirect (scanning) if direct method isn’t working.
False - Try to go to quazi direct first, mouse ooptions, eye gaze, voice
What is the low tech equivalent of eye gaze
manual eye gaze and yes/no
What is the low tech equivalent of head mouse
laser/light pointer (if motor control) otherwise eye gaze, or lister assisted scanning and yes/no
What is the low tech equivalent of device scanning
lister assisted scanning and yes/no
What is the low tech equivalent of joystick/mouse
laser/light pointer (if motor control) otherwise eye gaze, or lister assisted scanning and yes/no
True or false - you ALWAYS need to provide a low tech yes/no
TRUEEEE AF
AAC systems are multimodal and should meet communication needs in all _____ with all _____
environments with all listeners
List the different types of swithes discussed in class
jelly bean, membrane, soft switch, lever switch, movement switch, sip and puff, eye blink, leaf switches and multi-switches
