Lecture 2 - Literacy in Children Flashcards
How does literacy effect a client’s quality of life?
-Better participation in education & life
- Better Opportunities for employment
- Literacy for technology – email, text, etc. – need this to be functional in society
• Literacy is important for social relationships
what are the 7 Literacy Bill of Rights?
RIGHT TO:
1) learn to read and right
2) accessible and meaningingful texts
3) interact with others by reading or writing or text
4) life choices that require reading/writing
5) educational opportunities on literacy instruction/use
6) Teachers knowledgable about literacy methods and principles
7) Live/learn in environments that provide varied models of print use
what are the 4 components of Literacy?
Reading, Writing, Listening and Expressing (always interacting to build a literacy model)
How are home literacy experiences different for PWUAAC?
- Less reading aloud
- fewer label and requests to point
- interactions imbalanced (partner dominates, kid gives up turns)
What do AAC kids need to develop literacy (4 points)
1) print rich environment
2) Repeated reading of fav books
3) Computers
4) Manipulatives
Is there an age at which literacy can no longer be learned?
NO - there is no “too late” to learn to read and write
Only ____% of AAC users learn to read at grade level
10%
True or false - AAC users have poor phonological schools
true
How does exposure to alphabet relate to literacy development
The more exposure the better!
What is a possible explanation for the lack of literacy interactions for AAC users?
Physical care takes more time away from reading/writing. Might not be high on the priority list/ don’t know how to start
the typical child hears their fav story read aloud _____-_____times
200-400
What does ALL stand for? and what does this approach include
Accessible Literacy Learning
- includes teaching special needs clients ages 3-50 some basic reading skills (research based)
How much instruction did the ALL approach involve?
1-2 times a week for 30-45 min
What were the results of the research using the ALL teaching procedure?
All participants made substantial gains in learning: > letter-sound correspondence > Phonological awareness skills > decoding and writing > to read simple words > sight word recognition > to read simple sentences/stories
The ALL program includes pre-made materials for (6 points)
> Sound blending > Phoneme segmentation > Letter-sound correspondences > Decoding 3 letter words > Recognition of sight words > Shared reading
What does sound blending include? what is it essential for and what type of skill is this?
> knowing sounds of each word = essential skill to read
ability to blend sounds to determine word
phonological awareness skill
What is phoneme segmentation? What is it essential for and what type of skill is this?
Ability to break words down into individual sounds = essential for writing (break word into components, letter-sound correspondence)
> phonological awareness skill
blending is the _______ of phoneme segmentation
opposite
What skills are required to decode 3 letter words? (5 points)
> recognize the letters > associate letter with sound > hold sound sequence in memory > Blend sounds together > retrieve word meaning
How does the child indicate understanding of the 3 letter word?
Points to the corresponding picture on a response plate with 4 options
ALL maximizes _________ by……
Participation
> eliminates oral/written responses (pointing instead)
i.e. allows alternative modes of response
What information do the ALL results give us?
Insight into areas of difficulty
> provides systemic error analysis
What is External Scaffolding?
> teacher models saying sounds aloud, encourage learner to move from reading aloud to reading in their heads (subvocally)
Gradually reduce oral scaffolding
What skills are required for reading comprehension? (5 points)
> decode words in text > understand word meaning > relate meaning to rest of text > Activate prior knowledge > Monitor comprehension throughout
What does the Comprehensive Literacy Approach include.
Comprehensive, conventional literacy instruction
“Everything Everyday”
What is emergent literacy ?
Child’s skills before they develop conventional and independent skills and understandings
What are the 3 elements of the disability triangle?
1) time
2) Engagement
3) Access
(all centre around the affected person)
What are the 7 principles to good literacy?
> repetition and variety > Focus on communication > Offer real purposes > Develop use of inner voice > Provide informative feedback > Use knowledge of learner to make instructional decisions > High expectations
What are 5 evidence based literacy routines that lead to growth? (need exposure to each every day)
1) Shared reading
2) Independent reading
3) Predictable chart reading
4) Alphabet knowledge and phonological awareness
5) independent writing
If the student does NOT know most of letters, does not engage in shared reading, has no effective means of communication/interaction and doesn’t understand that writing involves letters and words you should employ daily ______ interventions which include: (5 points)
EMERGENT interventions
1) Shared reading
2) Predicatble chart writing
3) alphabet/phonological awareness
4) Independent writing with access to full alphabet
5) symbol based communication
If the student DOES know most of letters, engages in shared reading, has effective means of communication/interaction and understands that writing involves letters and words you should employ daily ______ interventions which include: (5 points)
CONVENTIONAL interventions
1) guided reading
2) word study
3) Writing
4) Self-directed reading
5) Communication with symbols and spelling
What is route 66?
web based service to teach reading and writing
What is Readtopia?
Comprehensive curriculum, with literature and resources to go with this
What is adapted reading?
Practical hands on things that you can do with books to get kids interested
What are the two types of the stories under the Storybook Centered thematic approach
> Books for enjoyment/enrichment
> Books for Literacy/language learning
What does a single symbol adaptation include?
Using a single symbol for each page for early emergent readers
What does the multiple word adaptation include?
Identifies books that support transitions to use 2-3 symbols (one short sentence per page)
What is a word for word adaptation?
Attempt to keep symbols on a single line by making cells smaller for little words
What are some basic symbols you can add to story books?
> image of main character
colour symbols
cover symbol, the end and read again on the back
How can you adapt a book to be more accessible?
Page fluffers (velcro, popsicle sticks), extendors, highlights, recorded books (or a switch that says repeated line in book)
To start teaching writing start with generative _____ vocabulary
CORE
What is errorless writing?
Give child sentence options for how they want to start the story . This way they can produce a story without fear of making errors - great place to start!
True or false, copying is a great way to start teaching writing skills
NOOOOOO - copying is a fine motor skill that teaches nothing about the meaning of print
What is an alphabet flip chart (AKA an alternative pencil)
Flip chart in ABC oder, child selects the letter they want then allow them to scribble
