Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL21291 > Lecture 5 - Chewing and swallowing > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Chewing and swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

TMJ: what is it, where is it found, and what parts does it have?

A

Tempromandibular joint - synovial joint with

It is located between the condyle (located just in front of the ear, can feel it move when opening the mouth) of the mandible and the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone

  • Modified hinge joint (more movement)
  • Fibrocartilage - can handle more stress
  • Capsule - the zygomatic process of the bone, attaches to the neck of the mandible
  • Ligaments - lateral temporomandibular, stylomandibular, and sphenomandibular ligaments
  • Synovial membrane - covers the internal aspect of the capsule and non-articulating surfaces
  • Articular disc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Temporomandibular ligament: what movements, what does it do?

A

Facilitate movements of the lower jaw

This joint allows a range of movements of the lower jaw, namely translational movements (protrusion/retraction and lateral deviation) and rotational movements (elevation/depression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stylomandibular ligament: what movements, what does it do?

A

Acts to limit excessive protrusion of the jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sphenomandibular ligament: what movements, what does it do?

A

Primarily acts to protect the TMJ from excessive translation of the condyle after the mouth is opened more than 10 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Articular disc: what is it, what does it do, what movements does it allow?

A

A plate of fibrocartilage dividing the joint into upper and lower synovial compartments

Allows for basic movements of the jaw

  • Hinge - allows for condyle rotation around a transverse axis in the lower compartment
  • Gliding/translation - allows forward movement in the upper compartment by having the condyle and disc move into the articular tubercle from the mandibular fossa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functional movements of the jaw

A
  • Depression
  • Elevation
  • Protrusion/protraction
  • Retrusion/retraction
  • Lateral excursion/deviation/swing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Teeth: the four types in the mouth, the function, the four divisions, how many divisions humans have

A

I - incisors: biting
C - canines: puncturing and shredding
PM - premolars: crushing and grinding
M - molars: crushing and grinding

  • Chewing/mechanical digestion
  • Talking
  • Protection - biting

Upper/lower right/left

Two sets of teeth: deciduous and permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Deciduous teeth: when do they appear, how many teeth are there, which teeth are present, and when are they replaced?

A

6-30 months of age

20

Per quadrant: 2I, 1C, 2M

6-25 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Permanent teeth: when do they appear, how many teeth are there, which teeth are present, and when are they replaced?

A

6-25 years of age

32

Per quadrant: 2I, 1C, 2PM, 3M

Never

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mastication: what is it, what muscles allow it to occur, and what innervates these muscles?

A

The process of food being crushed and destroyed - chewing

  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Lateral pterygoid
  • Medial pterygoid

Innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V₃)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Masseter muscle: origin, insertion, and function

A

Zygomatic arch

The lateral side of the body and the angle of the mandible

Elevates the mandible and closes the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Temporalis muscle: origin, insertion, and function

A

Temporal fossa

Coronoid process of the mandible

Elevates and retracts the mandible - closing the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Medial pterygoid muscle: origin, insertion, and function

A

Sphenoid bone

The medial side of the angle of the mandible

Elevates the mandible - closes the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lateral pterygoid muscle: origin, insertion, and function

A

Sphenoid bone

TMJ and mandibular neck

When both sides are contracting - it protrudes the mandible to allow depression of the jaw
When only one side is contracting - laterally deviates the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tongue: what is it, what type of epithelium is present, what parts of it are there, and what functions does it have?

A

Highly mobile structure – consisting of a bag of muscle

Covered with stratified squamous epithelium

Dorsal surface:
- foramen caecum
- sulcus terminalis
- Pallae:
* circumvallate
* fungiform
* filiform
Ventral surface
- Lingual tonsils underlie the epithelium of
posterior third – lymphoid tissue
- lingual frenulum

  • Sensation
  • Taste
  • General sensation
  • Articulation
  • Chewing
  • Swallowing
  • Immunological defence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dorsal surface of the tongue - foramen caecum: what is it and what does it do?

A

The back part of the tongue

The point of attachment of the thyroglossal duct

17
Q

Dorsal surface of the tongue - sulcus terminalis: what is it, where is it located, and what does it do?

A

V-shaped groove in the tongue located just anterior to the foramen caecum and posterior to the papillae

Divides the tongue into an anterior 2/3 and a posterior 1/3

18
Q

Dorsal surface of the tongue - circumvallate: what is it, where is it located, and what does it do?

A

Part of the papillae

Posterior part of the pallae, anterior to the sulcus terminalis

Involved in (bitter) taste and gag reflex

19
Q

Dorsal surface of the tongue - fungiform: what is it, where is it located, and what does it do?

A

Part of the papillae

The central anterior part of the tongue

Involved in taste, touch and temperature modalities

20
Q

Dorsal surface of the tongue - filiform: what is it, where is it located, and what does it do?

A

Part of the papillae

On the lateral anterior side of the tongue

Responsible for giving the tongue its texture and are responsible for the sensation of touch

21
Q

Ventral surface of the tongue - lingual tonsils: what is it, where is it located, and what does it do?

A

Underlie the epithelium of the posterior third of lymphoid tissue

Consists of lymphoid tissue located at the base of the tongue

Provide protection against harmful substances and pathogens that may enter the body through the nose or mouth

22
Q

Ventral surface of the tongue - lingual frenulum: what is it, where is it located, and what does it do?

A

Fold of mucous membrane found underneath the tongue

Extends from the midline of the ventral surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth but not reaching the tip

Helps the tongue to move and perform its functions in swallowing, feeding, and speech

23
Q

Tongue muscles: what types are there and what do they do?

A

Intrinsic:
* Originate and insert within the tongue, can be superior & inferior longitudinal, transverse and vertical fibres
* Alter the shape of the tongue

Extrinsic:
* Originate outside and insert within the tongue
* Alter the position of the tongue
* Examples include the styloglossus, palatoglossus, Hygolossus, and Genioglossus

24
Q

Styloglossus: where is located and what does it do?

A

Extends from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the posterolateral aspect of the tongue (connects to the ear-ish)

Acts to lift the lateral edges and to retract the tongue

25
Q

Palatoglossus: where is located and what does it do?

A

Extends from the palatine aponeurosis to the posterolateral aspect of the tongue (upper side of the cheek-ish)

Elevates the posterior part of the tongue

26
Q

Hyoglossus: where is located and what does it do?

A

Extends from the hyoid bone to the posterior aspect of the tongue (connects to the neck-ish)

Retracts and depresses of the tongue

27
Q

Genioglossus: where is located and what does it do?

A

Extends from the genial tubercles of the mandible to the tip and body of the tongue (lower part of the mouth-ish)

Protrudes the tongue

28
Q

Tongue neurovascular supply

A

Nerves:
Motor – hypoglossal (CN XII)
Sensory – taste (CN VII facial & CN IX glossopharyngeal) & general sensation (CN IX glossopharyngeal & CN V trigeminal)

GOOGLE/ watch leccy WHERE EACH NERVE GOES ETCETCETC

Arterial supply – lingual branch of external carotid artery

Venous drainage – lingual vein → internal jugular vein

29
Q

Salivary glands: what are the three main types, what are the minor glands, and what do they do?

A

Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular

Labial, buccal, palatal, lingual

Produce saliva:
* serous fluid - wash oral cavity
* mucin - lubrication
* amylase - carbohydrate digestion
* lysozyme – antibacterial
* immunoglobulin A – defence
* high pH to reduce acidity/tooth decay

30
Q

Parotid gland: what is it, where is it located, where does it open, what does it do, and what nerve innervates it?

A

The largest, wedge-shaped gland posterior to the
mandible

The duct opens into the mouth opposite 2nd upper molar

  • Allows facial nerves and vessels to pass through it
  • Produces serous saliva

PNS – glossopharyngeal nerve

31
Q

Submandibular glands: what is it, where is it located, where does it open, what does it do, and what nerve innervates it?

A

Gland that wraps around the mylohyoid

The duct opens into the mouth at the sublingual papilla

Produces mixed seromucous saliva (3:2)

PNS – facial nerve

32
Q

Sublingual glands: what is it, where is it located, where does it open, what does it do, and what nerve innervates it?

A

A gland located in the sublingual fold (floor of mouth)

Many ducts - open onto the sublingual fold

Produces mixed seromucous saliva (1:3)

PNS – facial nerve

33
Q

Videos to watch

A

4.4.2 The Mandible (3.55 min):
https://aclandanatomy.com/MultimediaPlayer.aspx?multimediaId=10528413
4.4.3 The Temporomandibular Joint (2.55 min)
https://aclandanatomy.com/MultimediaPlayer.aspx?multimediaId=10528415
4.4.4 Muscles of Mastication: Pterygoid Muscles (2.19 min)
https://aclandanatomy.com/MultimediaPlayer.aspx?multimediaId=10528417
4.4.5 Muscles of Mastication: Temporalis and Masseter (3.35 min)
https://aclandanatomy.com/MultimediaPlayer.aspx?multimediaId=10528419

BIOL21291 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions