Lecture 1 - Anatomical basics Flashcards
Mid-sagittal/median plane
Vertical plane passing through the centre of the body (midline) that cuts it longitudinally into right and left halves
Sagittal plane
Arbitrary vertical plane passing through the body parallel to the midline, slicing it longitudinally into right and left parts - not in the middle
Frontal (coronal) plane
Vertical plane at right angle to the sagittal plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
Transverse (axial) plane
Horizontal plane at right angles to the sagittal and frontal planes, slicing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. The obtained cuts are transverse or axial views.
Anterior
In front of or front
Posterior
In behind of or behind
Ventral
Towards the front of the body
Dorsal
Towards the back of the body
Distal
Away or farthest away from the trunk or the point of origin of the body part
Proximal
Closer or towards the trunk or the point of origin of the body part
Median
Midline of the bod
Medial
Towards the median
Lateral
Away from median
Superior
Towards the top of the head
Inferior
Towards the feet
Cranial
Towards the head
Caudal
Towards the tail
External
Towards the surface, superficial
Internal
Away from the surface, deep
Superficial
Nearer to the surface
Deep
Farther from the surface
Palmar
Anterior hand or palm of hand (palmar)
Dorsal (of hand)
Posterior surface of hand (dorsum)
Plantar
Inferior surface of foot (sole)
Dorsal (of foot)
Superior surface of foot (dorsum)
Flexion
Decreasing the angle between two structures
Extension
Increasing the angle between two structures
Plantarflexion
Flexion of the plantar (underside) part of the foot
Dorsiflexion
Flexion of the dorsum (top) part of the foot
Abduction
Moving away from the midline
Adduction
Moving towards the midline
Protrusion
Moving straight ahead or forwards (tongue, mandible)
Retrusion
Moving backwards (tongue, mandible)
Protraction
Moving forwards and laterally simultaneously
Retraction
Moving backwards and medially simultaneously
Depression
Moving downwards
Elevation
Moving upwards
Medial (internal) rotation
Spiral movement (of a limb usually) towards the midline
Lateral (external) rotation
Spiral movement (of a limb usually) away from the midline
Rotation (trunk)
Twisting motion towards or away from the midline (left or right)
Flexion (trunk)
Side (lateral flexion) or forward (anterior flexion) bending
Extension (trunk)
Bending backwards
Pronation
Medial rotation of the radius, resulting in the palm of the hand facing posteriorly (if in anatomical position) or inferiorly (if elbow is flexed)
Supination
Lateral rotation of the radius, resulting in the palm of the hand facing anteriorly (if in anatomical position) or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)
Circumduction
Combined movement starting with flexion, then abduction, extension, and ending with adduction
Deviation
Movement of the wrist joint towards the radial or ulnar sides (radial deviation, ulnar deviation)
Opposition
Touching the pad of any one of your fingers with the thumb of the same hand
Reposition
Separating the pad of any of your fingers from the thumb of the same hand
Inversion
Plantar side of the foot is rotated towards the median plane
Eversion
Plantar side of the foot is rotated away from the median plane
