Lecture 5 Canine and feline infectious, inflammatory and immune mediated oral conditions Flashcards
What is periodontal dz?
plaque induced disease of the tooth’s supporting structures (periodontitis, gingivitis)
Who is dental disease most frequiently diagnosed in?
all age groups of dogs and cats but increased severity with increased age and decreased weight
increased severity on buccal surfaces of teeth and caudal oral cavity
What diseases is periodontal disease associated with?
- local: sialoadentitis, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, oral nasal fistulas
- systemic: heart, renal, lung, hepatic dz (associations)
What are the supporting structures of the teeth that make up periodontal anatomy?
ON EXAM
- cementum
- periodontal ligament
- alveolar bone
- gingiva
Attached gingiva is important for what?
health of the tooth
what are the components of gingival region
- free gingiva
- attached gingiva
- cementoenamel junction
- mucogingival junction
alveolar mucosa
How do you do a periodontal evaluation?
- examine gingival sulcus with periodontal probe
dog 1-3mm
cat
What is loss of attachement?
periodontal ligament between alveolar bone and cementum is no longer present
What is loss of attachement made up of (components)
gingival recession + periodontal pocket
To evaluate periodontal region, you have to do what?
radiographs!
What does periodontal disease depend on/susceptibility?
- plaque, calculus
- oral microflora
- breed and species speciic
- gen health
- chewing habits
- saliva
- diet
- local irritants
- home care
What is plaque made up of?
bacteria, salivary glycoproteins, extracelular polysaccharides
undisturbed plaque
organic and inorganic components (food, salivary glycoproteins, bacterial by-products)
How do you grade plaque?
- 1/3 surface of tooth
- 2/3 surface of tooth
- > 2/3 surface of tooth
What bacteria are present in a healthy mouth?
primarily gram + non motile cocci (aerobes and facultative anaerbes)
What bacteria are present with periodontal dz?
primarily anaerobic gram = motile, filamentous
What is the effect of bacteria in th emouth?
bacteria and their byproducts stimulate immune system and cause cytokine production and inflammatory mediators
What is calculus (tartar)
mineralized plaque
2-4 weeks to form
What are the features of supragingival calculus?
- local irritant
- protects subgingival plaque
- maintains anaerobic environment (closes up the sulcus)
What are the features of subgingival calculus?
prevents healing of gingiva
How do you grade calculus (tartar)
- 1/3 surface of tooth
- 2/3 surface of tooth
- > 2/3 surface of tooth
What breeds can be predisposed to periodontal dz?
- small breed
- bulldog, boxer
- sighthounds, maltese, mini schauzer
- abyssinian, somali cats
Why does tooth crowding, rotationa nd or malocclusions predispose dogs to periodontal dz?
teeth do not get the same kind of natural cleaning with chewing and also extra places for food to accumulate