Lecture 5 - Basal Ganglia

Question 1

Damage to which part of the cerebellum causes an uncoordinated walk with a broad base as if drunk? (which lobe)

Answer 1

Flocculonodular lobe (balance)

Question 2

Damage to which part of the cerebellum causes intention tremors? (which lobe)

Answer 2

Posterior lobe (problems with motor planning)

Question 3

Damage to which part of the cerebellum causes nystagmus (involuntary side to side eye movements)? (which lobe)

Answer 3

Flocculonodular lobe (eye movement)

Question 4

Damage to which part of the cerebellum causes disturbances of muscle tone and posture? (which lobe)

Answer 4

Anterior lobe (motor execution, extensor muscles)

Question 5

Non-motor problems for cerebellar damage

Answer 5

Mood
Language
Executive functions

Question 6

3 main players in motor control

Answer 6

Cortex
Cerebellum
Basal banglia

Question 7

Basal ganglia roadblock

Answer 7

Many possible responses/motor output options and one is selected for by the basal ganglia –> which one is best is the most practiced or the most likely to be rewarded

Question 8

Nuclei of the basal ganglia

Answer 8

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus palladus
Substantia nigra
Nucelus accumbens

Question 9

Nucleus accumbens

Answer 9

Where caudate and putamen join together

Question 10

Caudate+putamen

Answer 10

Striatum

Question 11

Supplier of dopamine for the basal ganglia

Answer 11

Substantia nigra

Question 12

Ventral posterior lateral (VPL)

Answer 12

Tertiary neurons lives in VPL of thalamus sends projections to primary sensory cortex

Question 13

What tracks are in the internal capsule?

Answer 13

Corticospinal tract
Dorsal columns

Question 14

Region from most inner to outer

Answer 14

Caudate nucleus
Internal capsule
Globus palladus
Putamen

Question 15

GO Pathway

Answer 15

Cortex –> striatum inhibits internal globus palladus –> inhibit thalamus (GO) –> thalamus excites cortex –> cortex sends message out through corticospinal tract to the brainstem and spinal cord

Question 16

Which path does the striatum choose

Answer 16

The one that is most practiced or more likely to be rewarded

Question 17

Role of substantia nigra

Answer 17

Modulating go pathway – sending dopamine to fine tune the system

Question 18

STOP pathway

Answer 18

Cortex –> striatum inhibits internal globus palladus –> striatum also inhibits external globus palladus which inhibits the internal globus palladus–> inhibit thalamus (STOP) –> thalamus excites cortex –> cortex sends message out through corticospinal tract to the brainstem and spinal cord

Question 19

Motor loop is where

Answer 19

Precentral gyrus primary motor cortex

Question 20

Motor loop involves what

Answer 20

Putamen –> STOP –> thalamus

Question 21

Cognitive loop is where

Answer 21

Association cortexes

Question 22

Cognitive loop involves what

Answer 22

Caudate and nucleus accumbens –> STOP –> thalamus

Question 23

Limbic loop is where

Answer 23

Cingulate gyrus

Question 24

Limbic loop involves what

Answer 24

Caudate and nucleus accumbens –> STOP –> thalamus