Lecture 5: Anterior and posterior abdominal wall muscles Inguinal canal Flashcards
What is the origin and insertion of the Obliquus externus abdominis?
O: External surfaces of lower 8 ribs
I: -Linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest
Which abdominal muscle is the largest and most superficial of the later region of the torso?
obliquus externus abdominis
What are the origins and attachments of the obliquus internus abdominis?
O: -lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
-anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
-thoracolumbar fascia
I:-linea alba
-lower three ribs
What are the origins and insertions of the Transversus abdominis?
O: -inguinal ligament, iliac crest, Thoracolumbar fascia, cartilages of the lower six ribs
I: Linea alba
What are the origins and insertions of rectus abdominis?
O: pubic crest, symphysis of pubis
I: xiphoid process, cartilages of ribs 5,6,7
What are the 3 fibrous bands that cross the rectus abdominis?
Tendinous Intersections
What feature separates the R & L rectus abdominis?
Linea Alba
What are the layers of the abdominal wall?
-skin
-Campers fascia
-Scarpa’s fascia
-Rectus sheath
-Transversalis fascia
-Extraperitoneal fat
-Parietal Peritoneum
Describe the camper’s fascia:
Fatty layer:
-Thick superficial layer of adipose and areolar connective tissue
-Sits just deep to the skin of the abdomen
-More prominent in lower aspect of abdomen (inferior to umbilicus)
Describe scarpa’s fascia:
Deep membranous layer:
-Sits between campers fascia and rectus sheath
-Anchored laterally to the aponeurosis of the external oblique and medially to the linea alba of the rectus sheath
Describe the rectus sheath:
Protective covering over rectus abdominis:
-Composed of the aponeurosis of the three flat muscles as they converge to the midline to form the median linea alba
-external oblique
-Internal oblique
-Transversus abdominis
-Composition of sheath changes inferior to the umbilicus (arcuate line)
Where is the arcuate line located?
1/2 of the distance between the umbilicus and pubic symphysis
Anterior to this point, the aponeurosis of all 3 lateral abdominal muscles pass anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle.
At what level is the rectus abdominis muscle in direct contact with the transversalis fascia?
After the arcuate line
What is the thin layer of connective tissue located between the TA muscle and and the extraperitoneal fat of the parietal peritoneum called?
Transversalis fascia
Name the layers of the abdominal wall:
1) skin
2) camper’s fascia
3) Scarpa’s fascia
4) Rectus sheath
5) Transversalis fascia
6) Extraperitoneal fat
7) Parietal peritoneum
What are the two laminas of the rectus sheath?
Anterior and Posterior Lamina
What does the anterior lamina consist of in the superior portion of the rectus sheath?
full aponeurosis of the external oblique and anterior 1/2 of the aponeuroses of the internal oblique.
What does the posterior lamina consist of in the superior portion of the rectus sheath?
Posterior 1/2 of the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and full aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
What does the anterior lamina consist of in the Inferior portion of the rectus sheath?
aponeurosis of the 3 abdominal muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, & transversus abdominis)
What does the posterior lamina consist of in the Inferior portion of the rectus sheath?
No layer
- Transversalis fascia now meets with the rectus abdominis
Name the structures:
1) skin
2) Camper’s fascia
3) Scarpa’s fascia
4) External oblique
5) Internal Oblique
6) Transverus abdominis
7) Fascia transversalis
8) Extraperitoneal tissue
9) Parietal layer of peritoneum
What are the Origins and insertions of the quadratus lumborum?
O: Iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament
I: Rib 12, TP’s of L1-L4
What nerve innervates the quadratus lumborum?
Ventral rami of the spinal nerves: T12, L1, 2, 3, 4
What is the origin and insertion of the Psoas major?
O: Bodies of the TP’s of L1-L5
I: Lesser trochanter of femur
What nerve innervates the psoas major?
Lumbar plexus (L1,L2, L3)
What is the origin and insertion of the Iliacus?
O: iliac fossa, sacral ala
I: lesser trochanter of femur
What nerve innervates the iliacus?
Femoral Nerve
What is the oblique canal about 4cm long, placed parallel and a little above the medial half of the inguinal ligament?
Inguinal Canal
The inguinal canal contains the spermatic chord (males, and the round ligament (females). (True/False)
True
A triangular gap in the external oblique aponeurosis.
Superficial inguinal ring
Oval-shaped opening in the fascia transversalis: situated 1/2 an inch above the mid inguinal point.
Deep inguinal ring
Formed by the fusion of the lowest aponeurotic fibers of the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscles.
Conjoint tendon
Name the structures:
1) Location of the deep inguinal ring
2) Superficial inguinal ring
3) conjoint tendon
What bone is the only long bone that lies horizontally?
Clavicle
Which end of the clavicle does the conoid tubercle lie near?
Acromial end
Where does the trapezoid line on the clavicle lie?
Acromial end near conoid tubercle
The subclavian groove lie on which surface of the clavicle?
Inferior surface
Name the structures of the clavicle:
1) Acromial end
2) sternal end
3) acromial facet
4) trapezoid line
5) conoid line
6) subclavian groove
7) sternal facet
What ribs does the scapula lay over?
2nd-7th ribs
The spine of the scapula seperates which two structures?
Supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa
Where does the spine of the scapula attach?
Acromion (acromial articular facet)
Which angle of the scapula bears the glenoid cavity?
Lateral angle
What is the small projection on the upper border of the scapula?
Supraglenoid tubercle
What is the structure that lies below the glenoid cavity on the scapula?
Infraglenoid tubercle
Where is the coracoid process found on the scapula?
Above the glenoid cavity
What structure lies on the upper border of the scapula medial to the coracoid process?
Suprascapular notch
Name the structures of the scapula:
1) suprascapular notch
2) superior angle
3) supraspinous fossa
4) infraspinous fossa
5) medial border
6) lateral border
7) Inferior angle
8) Infraglenoid tubercle
9) Notch connecting infra and supra spinous fossa’s
10) Coracoid process
11) Supraglenoid tubercle
12) subscapular fossa
What is the name of the shorter bone on the lateral side of the forearm?
Radius
At the proximal end of the radius is the head bearing what?
Fovea articularis
What is the landmark that lies between the neck of the radius and the shaft?
Radial tuberosity
What two landmarks are found at the distal end of the redius?
Styloid process and ulnar notch
What is the boney elevation that lies on the dorsal side of the distal end of the redius?
dorsal tubercle of Lister’s tubercle
Name the structures:
1) Styloid process
2) Dorsal tubercle
3) Styloid process
4) Radial tuberosity
Which forearm bone is medial and longest?
Ulna
Which bone does the ulna articulate with?
Humerus
Which two projections of the ulna articulates with the humerus?
Olecranon, and coronoid process
What landmark does the olecranon and coronoid process form?
trochlear notch
What landmark is inferior to the coronoid process of the ulna?
Tuberosity of the ulna
Where does the radius attach to the ulna?
Radial notch
What is the prominent ridge located on the lateral surface of the ulnar shaft?
Supinator crest
What fossa is between the supinator crest and coronoid process?
Supinator fossa
Where does the interosseous membrane attach to the ulna?
interosseous border on the medial portion of the shaft
The distal end of the ulna is the head of the ulna with a small, conical ulnar styloid process. (True/False)
True
Name the structures of the ulna:
1) olecranon
2) Trochlear notch
3) Coronoid process
4) Radial notch of ulna
5) Ulnar tuberosity
6) Interosseous border
7) Styloid process of the ulna
How many carpal bones are there?
8
Name the proximal row of carpal bones, from lateral to medial.
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Name the distal row of carpal bones from lateral to medial.
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Which of the carpal bones is the largest?
Scaphoid
What landmark is on the palmar surface of the hamate?
Hook of hamate
Name the carpal bones:
1) Lunate
2) Pisiform
3) Triquetrum
4) Hamate
5) Capitate
6) Scaphoid
7) Trapezium
8) Trapezoid
Name the carpal bones:
1) Scaphoid
2) Trapezium
3) Trapezoid
4) Lunate
5) Triquetrum
6) Pisiform
7) Hamate
8) Hook of hamate
9) Capitate
What is the name of the arch that the carpal bones create?
Carpal arch
What is the tunnel that is created by the deep fascia on the anterior wrist called?
Carpal tunnel
What is the name of the deep fascia that creates the carpal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum
Name the wrist structures:
1) Flexor retinaculum
2) Carpal Tunnel
What 3 structures does each metacarpal of the hand have?
head
shaft
base
How many bones are in a single digit and what are they called?
3 bones
-Proximal
-middle
-distal phalanx
