Lecture 4: Face, scalp, mastication, TMJ, Neck vasculature and intro to cranial nerves Flashcards
What does the acronym SCALP stand for?
Skin: protection from trauma & pathogens
Connective Tissue: hair follicles, vessels, nerves and lymph
Aponeurosis: “galea aponeurotica” continuous w/ muscle
Loose connective tissue:Mobility of scalp
Pericranium: Dense irregular CT, tightly adhered to cranium
What is the origin and insertion of the muscles of the scalp, forehead and eyebrows?
O: Galea aponeurotic layer of skull
I: Frontalis-skin over the eyebrows & Occipitalis-superior nuchal notch
What action does the frontalis perform?
Moving scalp backwards and shifting eyebrows upward.
What action does the occipitalis perform?
Moves the scalp forward
Which muscle is a sphincter muscle arranged in concentric bands around the upper and lower eye lids?
Orbicularis Oculi
What is the action performed by the orbicularis oculi?
Close the eyelids
Which muscle is a triangular shaped muscle located in each upper eye?
Levator palpebrae superioris
What is the primary function of the levator palpebrae superioris?
Elevation and retraction of eyelid
What muscles provide evidence of breathing behaviors?
Muscles of the nose
I animals, these muscles helps to direct the ears toward the source of sounds.
Muscles of the ears
Name the muscles of the mouth and lips.
-Levator Labii Superioris
-Zygomaticus major and minor
-Risoris
The sphincter around the mouth =closes and protrudes the lips (kissing), and helps keep food in the mouth.
Orbicularis oris
This muscle is found in the cheek=presses cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling; helps to keep food in the mouth, & resists distention of the mouth.
Buccinator
Which muscles radiate from the lips and angles of the mouth, somewhat like the spokes of a wheel, retracting the various borders of the oral fissure collectively, in groups, or individually.
Several dilator muscles
Review the face muscles to memorize where they are located.
Pay attention to the expressions being made and the muscles that create them.
What are the muscles of mastication?
-Temporalis
-masseter
-Medial pterygoid
-lateral pterygoid
What is the origin and insertion of the temporalis?
O: Temporal Fossa and fascia
I: Coronoid process, anterior border of ramus of mandible
What is the origin and insertion of the masseter?
O: Zygomatic arch
I: Lateral surface of ramus of mandible
What nerve innervates the temporalis and masseter?
Mandibular nerve (V3)
What is the origin and insertion of the medial pterygoid?
O: Pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
I: medial surface of angle of the mandible
What is the origin and insertion of the lateral pterygoid?
O: the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone
I: Articular disc and to the neck of the mandible
What nerve innervates the medial and lateral pterygoids?
Mandibular nerve (V3)
What are the articular surfaces of the TMJ?
-disc
-articular tubercle of temporal bone
-mandibular fossa of temporal bone
-mandibular condyles
Name the structures:
1) mandibular fossa
2) condylar process
3) articular tubercle
4) Mandible
What type of joint is the TMJ?
combined hinge and synovial joint
What is the structure that separates the joint cavity into superior and inferior compartments?
Fibrocartilaginous disc (each compartment has its own synovial membrane)
Name the structures:
1) Articular disc
2) superior synovial cavity
3) condylar process
4) Inferior synovial cavity
What is the loose covering around the circumference of the TMJ?
Articular capsule
Where does the articular capsule attach?
Margins of the articular area on temporal bone and around the mandible-lined with synovial membrane.
What ligament consists of two short bands on the lateral surface of the articular capsule?
TMJ-Lateral ligament
Where does the TMJ-lateral ligament attach?
Extends inferiorly and posteriorly from the inferior border and tubercle of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. and attaches to lateral and posterior aspect of the neck of the mandible.
What gland covers the TMJ lateral ligament?
Paratoid gland-strengthens the TMJ laterally & prevents posterior dislocation
What ligament of the TMJ is considered the supporting extrinsic ligament?
Sphenomandibular ligament
Where are the attachments for the sphenomandibular ligament?
Extends from the spine of the sphenoid to the mandible surface of the ramus of the mandible.
Name the structures:
1) Articular capsule
2) Lateral ligament
Name the structure:
Sphenomandibular ligament
Where can dislocation occur in TMJ?
anterior to the articular tubercle
What can cause TMJ disslocation?
-Yawning
-taking a big bite
-sideways blow to the mouth when it is open
What muscles elevate the mandible?
-Temporalis
-masseter
-medial pterygoid
What muscles depress the mandible?
-Lateral pterygoid
-suprahyoid & infrahyoid muscles
What muscles cause protrusion of the mandible?
-Lateral pterygoid
-Masseter
-Medial pterygoid
What muscles cause retrusion of the mandible?
Temporalis
What muscles cause lateral movements of the mandible?
-Temporalis of the same side
-Pterygoids of opposite sides
-masseter
Brachiocephalic artery supplies blood where?
Head and neck
Common carotid artery supplies blood where?
Brain
Subclavian artery supplies blood where?
upper limb
Descending aorta supplies blood where?
Rest of the body
Review nerves of the face and skull:
What are the names of the subclavian artery branches?
-Pre-scalene part
-Post-scalene part
What arteries does the pre-scalene artery branches supply blood?
-Vertebral artery-Brain supply
-Internal thoracic artery-anterior thoracic wall & breast tissue
-Thyrocervical trunk-larynx, trachea, esophagus, thyroid
What arteries does the post-scalene artery supply blood?
-Dorsal scapular artery-changes name to axillary artery as it passes under the clavicle & enters upper limb
Which arteries supply the head with oxygenated blood?
R & L common carotid arteries
Where to the common carotid arteries divide?
C3 or C4 to form external and internal carotid arteries
What areas do the external carotid artery supply blood to?
Face & neck
What areas do the Internal carotid arteries supply blood to?
Brain & eyes
Review arteries:
Name the given structures of the external carotid arteries:
1) supratrochlear artery
2) Supraorbital Artery
3) supraorbital artery
4) supratrochlear artery
Name the branched arteries of the Internal carotid artery:
1) ophthalmic artery
2) Anterior cerebral artery
3) Middle cerebral artery
4) Posterior communicating artery
Where does the venous drainage of the head and neck begin?
1) Intracranial:Cerebral Veins (sinuses)
2) Superficial Veins
3) Deep veins
What does the main venous system of the head and neck form?
Internal and external jugular veins
What do the Internal and external jugular veins do?
Drains all the blood from the head and neck
Name the external veins of the face:
1) Cavernous sinus
2) Superficial temporal
3) Posterior auricular
4) Retromandibular
5) External jugular
6) Internal jugular
7) Subclavian
8) Superior and inferior opthalmic
9) Angular
10) Facial
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs
How many pairs of cranial nerves?
12 pairs
Can sensory and motor signals be conscious or unconscious? (True/False)
True
Name the 12 cranial nerves:
I: Olfactory
II: Optic
III: Oculomotor
IV: Trochlear
V: Trigeminal
VI: Abducens
VII: Facial
VIII: Vestibulocochlear
IX: Glossopharyngeal
X: Vagus
XI: Accessory
XII: Hypoglossal
Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final, Very Good Vacations Are Had
Name the structures of the skull:
1) Parietal
2) Frontal
3) Occipital
4) Temporal
5) Zygomatic
6) Maxilla
7) Mandible
8) Sphenoid
9) Nasal
10) Ethmoid
11) Lacrimal
12) Inf. Nasal Concha
13) Vomer
What are the paired Neurocranium (brain box) bones?
Parietal & Temporal
What are the unpaired Neuro cranium bones?
-Frontal
-Occipital
-Sphenoid
-Ethmoid
What are the paired viscerocranium (facial skeleton) bones?
-Lacrimal bone
-Nasal bone
-Zygomatic
-Maxilla
-Inferior nasal concha
-Palatine bone
What are the unpaired viscerocranium bones?
-mandible
-vomer
Name the facial structures:
1) Frontal bone
2) Nasal bone
3) Zygomatic bone
4) Middle nasal concha of ethmoid bone
5) Inferior nasal concha
6) Vomer
Name the structures of the skull:
1) Frontal bone
2) Sphenoid bone
3) Parietal bone
4) Temporal bone
5) Occipital bone
Name the structures of the skull:
1) Sagittal suture
2) Parietal bone
3) Occipital bone
4) Mastoid process of temporal bone
Name the structures of the skull:
1) Frontal bone
2) Coronal suture
3) Bregma
4) Parietal bone
5) sagittal suture
6) Lambda
7) Lambdoid suture
8) Occipital bone
Name the structures of the skull:
1) Anterior fontanelle
2) Posterior fontanelle
Name the structures of the skull:
1) medial plate
2) Lateral plate
3) Maxilla
4) Palatine bone
5) Choanae
6) Vomer
Name the structures:
1) Foramen magnum
2) Occipital condyle
What bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?
-Frontal
-Ethmoid
-sphenoid
What bones make up the middle cranial fossa?
-Sphenoid
-temporal
-parietal
What bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?
-Temporal
-Parietal
-Occipital
What are two landmarks of the ethmoid bone that lie in the anterior cranial fossa?
-Crista Galli
-Cribriform plate
What is a landmark that lies on the sphenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa?
-Sella turcica (Hypophyseal fossa & Dorsum sellae)
What landmark lies on the temporal bone in the posterior cranial fossa?
Groove for superior petrosal sinus
Name the foramina:
1) Optic canal
2) Superior orbital fissure
3) Foramen rotundum
4) Foramen ovale
5) Foramen spinosum
6) Foramen lacerum
7) Carotid canal for internal carotid artery
Name the landmark that lies on the occipital bone in the posterior cranial fossa.
Groove for transverse sinus
Name the posterior cranial fossa:
1) Internal acoustic meatus
2) Jugular foramen
3) Hypoglossal canal
4) Foramen Magnum
Name all the foramen located on the Sphenoid bone:
-Optic foramen: CN II
-Foramen rotundum: CN VII
-Foramen ovale: CN VIII
-Foramen spinosum: CN V
-superior orbital fissure: CN III, IV, V
-foramen lacerum: Where sphenoid meets occipital bone (cartilage)
Name the foramen on the Ethmoid bone:
Olfactory foramen: CN I
Name all the foramen on the temporal bone:
-Internal Auditory meatus: CN VII & VIII
-External auditory meatus: open canal for soundwaves
-Stylomastoid foramen: CN VII
External temporal bone:
- Carotid canal: Internal carotid artery
Name the foramen of the occipital bone:
-Hypoglossal canal: CN XII
-Foramen magnum: Brainstem (medulla) Vertebral arteries, spinal portion of CN IX
What foramen is found between the occipital and temporal bones?
Jugular foramen: CN IX, X, XII, & Internal Jugular vein
Name the structures:
1) Lesser wing
2) Foramen rotundum
3) Foramen Ovale
4) Optic Canal
5) Greater wing
6) Middle meningeal groove
7) Foramen spinosum
