Lecture 5 and 6 quiz Flashcards
Which of the following describes the type of nucleic acid used in the genomes of parvoviruses?
Single-stranded DNA
Positive-sense single-stranded RNA
Double-stranded DNA
Double-stranded RNA
Negative-sense single-stranded RNA
Single-stranded DNA
Which of the following distinguishes the parvoviruses from the polyomaviruses?
They have a DNA genome
They replicate in the nucleus
They cannot induce the cell to enter S phase
They require the cellular DNA polymerase
They have naked capsids
They cannot induce the cell to enter S phase
Which of the following distinguishes the dependoviruses from the autonomous parvoviruses?
Dependoviruses require the host cell RNA polymerase
Dependoviruses replicate in the cell nucleus
Dependoviruses require the host cell DNA polymerase
Dependoviruses do not have an envelope
Dependoviruses require coinfection with an adenovirus
Dependoviruses require coinfection with an adenovirus
Which of the following describes the structures found at the ends of the parvovirus genomes?
Covalently attached proteins
The genome is circular so it has no ends
5’ triphosphate
Self-complementary hairpin structures
5’ cap structures and 3’ poly(A) tails
Self-complementary hairpin structures
What major function does coinfection with an adenovirus provide to adeno-associated virus, a member of the dependovirus group of parvoviruses?
It helps the parvovirus enter the nucleus
It provides an RNA polymerase for gene expression
It provides a DNA polymerase for genome replication
It helps the parvovirus package new virions
It induces the host cell to enter S phase
It induces the host cell to enter S phase
How do parvoviruses solve the problem of replicating the ends of linear DNA molecules?
They circularize their genome so that there are no ends
They encode a special DNA polymerase that can replicate ends of DNA
They do not have a double-stranded DNA genome
They have self-complementary ends that serve as primers
They use a covalently bound protein as a primer
They have self-complementary ends that serve as primers
Which of the following describes the fate of the AAV parvovirus genome in the absence of a helper virus?
It is replicated, just more slowly in the absence of the helper virus
It is degraded
It is maintained as an episome in the nucleus of the infected cell
It integrates into a nonspecific location on a human chromosome
It integrates into a specific location on chromosome 19
It integrates into a specific location on chromosome 19
The problem with replicating the ends of linear DNA is due to which of the following?
That DNA polymerase does not require a pre-existing primer
That the primer is composed of RNA rather than DNA.
The removal of the primer from the 3’ end of the new DNA strand
That DNA polymerases can not synthesize DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
The removal of the primer from the 5’ end of the new DNA strand
The removal of the primer from the 5’ end of the new DNA strand
Which of the following does NOT explain why parvoviruses replicate better in tumor cells than in normal cells?
Question 9 options:
Tumor cells have a reduced interferon response than normal cells
Tumor cells bind to more parvovirus virions than normal cells
Tumor cells go through the cell cycle more quickly than normal cells.
Tumor cells have reduced DNA damage response than normal cells
None of the answers.
Tumor cells bind to more parvovirus virions than normal cells
The simian virus 40 (SV40) was isolated from which of the following?
Cells used to produce poliovirus vaccine
Monkeys used for HIV research
Hepatitis virus B vaccine
Mouse tissue extracts
Human adenoidal tissue
Cells used to produce poliovirus vaccine
Under which of the following conditions do polyomaviruses cause tumors in their hosts?
Injection of high titers in older animals
None will produce tumors
Exposure to the virus via an aerosol
Exposure to particularly tumorigenic strains of the virus
Injection of high titers in young animals
Injection of high titers in young animals
Which of the following describes the structure of the polyomavirus capsid?
72 capsomeres composed of hexamers of VP1
72 capsomeres composed of pentamers of VP1
60 capsomeres composed of hexamers of VP1
60 capsomeres composed of pentamers of VP1
12 capsomeres composed of pentamers of VP1 with the remaining capsomeres composed of hexamers of VP1
72 capsomeres composed of pentamers of VP1
Which of the following cellular proteins are packaged into the polyomavirus virions?
Tubulin monomers
Histone octomers
Actin monomers
Myristylated proteins
Transcription factors
Histone octomers
If the histone proteins are removed from genome of SV40, which of the following will happen?
The DNA assumes a relaxed circle form
The DNA becomes supercoiled
The DNA becomes denatured
Nothing happens to the DNA
The DNA becomes nicked
The DNA becomes supercoiled
Which of the following mechanisms is used by SV40 to produce several proteins from a single transcription unit?
Use of alternative start codons
Alternative mRNA splicing
All of the mechanisms are used
RNA editing
Ribosomal frameshifting
Alternative mRNA splicing
The large T antigen from SV40 can bind to all of the following cellular proteins EXCEPT….
p300
pRb
Poly(A) polymerase
DNA polymerase a
p53
Poly(A) polymerase
SV40 induces the infected cell to enter the S phase of the cell cycle. What purpose does this serve for the virus?
The virus requires transcription factors made during S phase
The virus requires the DNA replication enzymes made during S phase
The virus requires the breakdown of the nuclear envelope
The virus requires the cellular splicing enzymes present during S phase
The virus requires the RNA polymerase II only present during S phase
The virus requires the DNA replication enzymes made during S phase
Binding of the large T antigen of SV40 to the cellular protein pRb causes which of the following to occur?
Disassociation of the transcription factor E2F
Blocks progression through the cell cycle
Degradation of the cellular protein p53
Activation of the apoptosis pathway
Replication of viral DNA
Disassociation of the transcription factor E2F
Which of the following must occur in nonpermissive cells which become transformed by the polyomavirus SV40?
The viral origin of replication must become inactivated
Cellular DNA becomes packaged into virions
The large T antigen proteins become degraded
The Rb protein becomes bound to E2F
The early viral genes become integrated into the host chromosome
The early viral genes become integrated into the host chromosome
The small T antigen of SV40 regulates the cell cycle of the host cell by DIRECTLY doing which of the following?
Inactivating the p53 protein
Inhibiting the activity of the PP2A phosphatase
Turning on the activity of the MAP kinase
Turning on transcription of cyclin D1
Phosphorylating the transcription factor AP1
Inhibiting the activity of the PP2A phosphatase
