lecture 11, 12, 13 Flashcards
All of the following viruses are members of the order Mononegavirales EXCEPT….
Influenza
Rabies
Ebola
Sendai virus
Measles
Influenza
Which of the following is a difference observed between the paramyxoviruses and the rhabdoviruses?
One has a negative-strand genome and one has a positive-strand genome.
One has a helical nucleocapsid and one has an icosahedral nucleocapsid.
One fuses the envelope at the plasma membrane and one fuses the envelope with the endocytotic membrane.
One has a naked virion and one has an enveloped virion.
One packages the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the other doesn’t.
One fuses the envelope at the plasma membrane and one fuses the envelope with the endocytotic membrane.
Which of the following statements about paramyxoviruses is FALSE?
-Naked genome-length RNA is never found within the cell.
The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is a virion protein.
Every protein coded for in the genome is packaged into the virion
The N protein can bind to a variable number of nucleotides in the genome.
The N protein protects the genome from ribonuclease digestion.
Every protein coded for in the genome is packaged into the virion
Which of the following describes a major difference between the positive-strand RNA viruses and negative-strand RNA viruses?
Only negative-strand viruses must package their polymerase in their virion.
Only negative-strand viruses must encode a polymerase in their genome.
Only positive-strand viruses must package their polymerase in their virion.
Both kinds of RNA viruses both encode and package a polymerase.
Only positive-strand viruses must encode a polymerase in their genome.
Only negative-strand viruses must package their polymerase in their virion.
Synthesis of mRNAs in paramyxoviruses occurs through a single-entry mechanism, which is where the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase can only start transcription from the 3’ end of the genome. Which of the following is a consequence of this mechanism?
More mRNA is produced from the coding regions at the 3’ end of the genome.
The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase binds to both ends of the genome for transcription
The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase binds to both end of the genome for genome replication
More negative-strand genomes are produced than positive-strand antigenomes.
More mRNA is produced from the coding regions at the 5’ end of the genome.
??
Which of the following virion proteins mediates the coiling of the rhabdovirus nucleocapsid to form the bullet-shaped virion?
The L (RNA polymerase) protein
The N (nucleocapsid) protein
The M (matrix) protein
The HN (hemagglutinin/neuraminidase) protein
The F (fusion) protein
The L (RNA polymerase) protein
Many of the symptoms caused by infection with the influenza virus, including fever, headache and malaise, are actually the result of which of the following?
Infection of the liver.
Direct damage to the cells of the lung.
Factors produced by the virus during infection.
Loss of ciliated epithelium.
The effect of cytokines induced by the virus.
Factors produced by the virus during infection.
Genome segments 7 and 8 from influenza virus can produce two different proteins using which of the following mechanisms?
Question 12 options:
Readthrough of a stop codon.
Ambisense coding.
RNA editing.
Use of alternative start codons.
Alternative mRNA splicing.
Alternative mRNA splicing.
Which of the following virion proteins mediates the coiling of the rhabdovirus nucleocapsid to form the bullet-shaped virion?
The L (RNA polymerase) protein
The N (nucleocapsid) protein
The M (matrix) protein
The HN (hemagglutinin/neuraminidase) protein
The F (fusion) protein
The M (matrix) protein
Which of the following describes the function of the M2 protein from influenza virus?
Question 14 options:
It helps to initiate transcription of viral mRNAs.
It cleaves off the 5’ caps from the cellular mRNAs.
It acts as an ion channel to allow H+ ions to enter the virion.
It induces the fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane.
It binds to the host cell receptor for viral entry.
It acts as an ion channel to allow H+ ions to enter the virion.
Many of the symptoms caused by infection with the influenza virus, including fever, headache and malaise, are actually the result of which of the following?
Infection of the liver.
Direct damage to the cells of the lung.
Factors produced by the virus during infection.
Loss of ciliated epithelium.
The effect of cytokines induced by the virus.
The effect of cytokines induced by the virus.
The NS2 protein from influenza can bind and inhibit cellular proteins involved in polyadenlyation of mRNAs. Why doesn’t this affect the virus?
All of the viral mRNAs are polyadenylated before the NS2 protein is made.
Influenza virus mRNAs don’t have poly(A) tails.
Influenza virus encodes its own poly(A) polymerase that isn’t affected by NS2.
Influenza virus uses a stuttering mechanism to add the poly(A) tail.
The virus encodes the poly(A) tail in the genome.
Influenza virus uses a stuttering mechanism to add the poly(A) tail.
Which of the following describes the function of the NS1 protein made during an influenza virus infection?
Question 17 options:
Inhibition of cellular antiviral defenses.
Inhibition of cellular RNA polymerase.
Activation of viral RNA polymerase.
Transport of nucleocapsids out of the nucleus.
Inhibition of antibody production.
Inhibition of cellular antiviral defenses.
New reassorted influenza viruses are USUALLY transmitted to human from which of the following pathways?
A reassortment of an avian virus and a human virus that is transmitted from a pig.
A reassortment of two avian viruses that is directly transmitted from birds to humans.
A reassortment of two pig viruses that is directly transmitted from pigs to humans.
A reassortment of two human viruses that is directly transmitted from a human.
A reasortment of a human virus and a pig virus that is transmitted from a bird.
A reassortment of an avian virus and a human virus that is transmitted from a pig.
New reassorted influenza viruses are USUALLY transmitted to human from which of the following pathways?
A reassortment of an avian virus and a human virus that is transmitted from a pig.
A reassortment of two avian viruses that is directly transmitted from birds to humans.
A reassortment of two pig viruses that is directly transmitted from pigs to humans.
A reassortment of two human viruses that is directly transmitted from a human.
A reasortment of a human virus and a pig virus that is transmitted from a bird.
A reassortment of an avian virus and a human virus that is transmitted from a pig.
