Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the heart develop from?

A

Cardiogenic Mesoderm

-This gives rise to the myocardium and epicardium

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2
Q

What will the primitive heart tube form?

A

Endocardium

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3
Q

What suspends the heart tube?

A

Dorsal medocardium

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4
Q

How is the transverse pericardial sinus formed?

A

endoApoptosis of the central part of the dorsal mesocardium –> Creates a communication between the left and right sides of the pericardium

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5
Q

Dextrocardia w/ situs inversus

A

-Heart loops at 4 weeks gestatation

Normal:
D-look Positions apex to left

Abnormal:
-L-loop positions apex to right or Dextrocardia

-Situs inversus –> abdominal organs are also found reversed

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6
Q

Dextrocardia

A

Normal:
D-look Positions apex to left

Abnormal:
-L-loop positions apex to right or Dextrocardia

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7
Q

What does the sinus venosus form?

A

Right Horn:
1) Smooth walled/right atrium

Left Horn:
2) Coronary sinus

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8
Q

What does the primitive atrium form?

A

Right:
1) Rough walled part of right atrium

Left:
1) Rough walled part of left atrium

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9
Q

What does the primitive ventricle form?

A

Right:
1) Trabeculated (Rough) part of the right ventricle

Left:
1) Trabeculated (Rought) part of the left ventricle

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10
Q

What does the Bulbos cordis form?

A

Right:
1) Conus arteriosus

Left:
1) Aortic vestibule

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11
Q

What does the truncus arteriosus form?

A

Right:
1) Pulmonary trunk

Left:
1) Ascending aorta pulmonary arter

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12
Q

When do endocardial cushions form and where are they derived from?

A

4th-5th week

-Derives from cardiac mesenchyme

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13
Q

What do the endocardial cushions form?

A
  • Fuse tg to form right and left AV canals

- Also form mitral and tricuspid valves, Aortic/pulmonary valves, atrial and ventricular septum

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14
Q

How can downs syndrome (Trisomy 21) develop?

A

-Defects in endocardial cushions –> Problems w/ septum forming

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15
Q

How is the oval foramen formed?

A

By the septum secundum and the foramen secundum

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16
Q

What is the significance of the sinus venarum?

A
  • Absorbed by the right atrium

- Becomes the smooth part (Right horn) of the right atrium where the superior vena cava and inferea vena cava enter

17
Q

What forms left atrium

A

1) Primitive atrium

2) Primitive pulmonary veins

18
Q

What forms the right atrium

A

1) Primordial atrium

2) Sinus’s venosus

19
Q

What forms the limbus?

A

Septum secundum

20
Q

Atrial Septal Defects

Foramen ovale

A

1) Probe patent foramen ovale

- Failure of fusion of septum primum and secundum

21
Q

Atrial Septal Defects

Ostium secundum type ASD’s are defects of the oval fossa :

A
  • Defect in septum secundum→ large foramen ovalis
  • Excessive resorption of septum primum→ short septum primum
  • Excessive reabsorption of septum primum and abnormally large foramen ovale
  • Abnormal reabsorption of the septum primum→ fenestrations SP
22
Q

Atrial Septal Defect

Primum type

A

-Failure of closure of foramen primum

23
Q

Atrial Septal Defects

Common Atrium

A

Failure of septum primum and secundum to develop

24
Q

Atrial Septal Defects

Sinus venosus type

A

1) Incomplete resorption of
sinus venosus into right atrium

OR

2) Abnormal development of upper part of septum secundum

25
Where are bulbar ridges and truncal ridges formed?
Neural crest cells
26
Where are semilunar valves
Growth associated w/ truncus arteriosis and bulbos cortus
27
Atrial ventricular valves formed from?
Endocardial cushions
28
What forms the muscular | part of the IV septum
When the primordial ventricular septum divides the primordial ventricle into left and right parts
29
The membranous part of the interventricular septum is complex formed by?
Tissue from 1) Fused endocardial cushions 2) Fused right and left bulbar ridges - Associated w/ mitral valve problems
30
What's the most common type of congenital heart disease and how does it happen?
Most common: -Membranous type ventral septal defect -Endocardial cushions to fuse with the primordial IV septum and the bulbar septum -Can have associated AV valve (usually mitral) abnormality L → R shunting of blood
31
What forms the spiral septum (truncal) and bulbar septum
Neural crest cells
32
what forms the smooth muscle of the aorta, pulmonary trunk, and semilunar valves?
Neural crest cells