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CPR 1 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the heart develop from?

A

Cardiogenic Mesoderm

-This gives rise to the myocardium and epicardium

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2
Q

What will the primitive heart tube form?

A

Endocardium

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3
Q

What suspends the heart tube?

A

Dorsal medocardium

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4
Q

How is the transverse pericardial sinus formed?

A

endoApoptosis of the central part of the dorsal mesocardium –> Creates a communication between the left and right sides of the pericardium

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5
Q

Dextrocardia w/ situs inversus

A

-Heart loops at 4 weeks gestatation

Normal:
D-look Positions apex to left

Abnormal:
-L-loop positions apex to right or Dextrocardia

-Situs inversus –> abdominal organs are also found reversed

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6
Q

Dextrocardia

A

Normal:
D-look Positions apex to left

Abnormal:
-L-loop positions apex to right or Dextrocardia

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7
Q

What does the sinus venosus form?

A

Right Horn:
1) Smooth walled/right atrium

Left Horn:
2) Coronary sinus

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8
Q

What does the primitive atrium form?

A

Right:
1) Rough walled part of right atrium

Left:
1) Rough walled part of left atrium

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9
Q

What does the primitive ventricle form?

A

Right:
1) Trabeculated (Rough) part of the right ventricle

Left:
1) Trabeculated (Rought) part of the left ventricle

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10
Q

What does the Bulbos cordis form?

A

Right:
1) Conus arteriosus

Left:
1) Aortic vestibule

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11
Q

What does the truncus arteriosus form?

A

Right:
1) Pulmonary trunk

Left:
1) Ascending aorta pulmonary arter

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12
Q

When do endocardial cushions form and where are they derived from?

A

4th-5th week

-Derives from cardiac mesenchyme

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13
Q

What do the endocardial cushions form?

A
  • Fuse tg to form right and left AV canals

- Also form mitral and tricuspid valves, Aortic/pulmonary valves, atrial and ventricular septum

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14
Q

How can downs syndrome (Trisomy 21) develop?

A

-Defects in endocardial cushions –> Problems w/ septum forming

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15
Q

How is the oval foramen formed?

A

By the septum secundum and the foramen secundum

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16
Q

What is the significance of the sinus venarum?

A
  • Absorbed by the right atrium

- Becomes the smooth part (Right horn) of the right atrium where the superior vena cava and inferea vena cava enter

17
Q

What forms left atrium

A

1) Primitive atrium

2) Primitive pulmonary veins

18
Q

What forms the right atrium

A

1) Primordial atrium

2) Sinus’s venosus

19
Q

What forms the limbus?

A

Septum secundum

20
Q

Atrial Septal Defects

Foramen ovale

A

1) Probe patent foramen ovale

- Failure of fusion of septum primum and secundum

21
Q

Atrial Septal Defects

Ostium secundum type ASD’s are defects of the oval fossa :

A
  • Defect in septum secundum→ large foramen ovalis
  • Excessive resorption of septum primum→ short septum primum
  • Excessive reabsorption of septum primum and abnormally large foramen ovale
  • Abnormal reabsorption of the septum primum→ fenestrations SP
22
Q

Atrial Septal Defect

Primum type

A

-Failure of closure of foramen primum

23
Q

Atrial Septal Defects

Common Atrium

A

Failure of septum primum and secundum to develop

24
Q

Atrial Septal Defects

Sinus venosus type

A

1) Incomplete resorption of
sinus venosus into right atrium

OR

2) Abnormal development of upper part of septum secundum

25
Q

Where are bulbar ridges and truncal ridges formed?

A

Neural crest cells

26
Q

Where are semilunar valves

A

Growth associated w/ truncus arteriosis and bulbos cortus

27
Q

Atrial ventricular valves formed from?

A

Endocardial cushions

28
Q

What forms the muscular

part of the IV septum

A

When the primordial ventricular septum divides the primordial ventricle into left and right parts

29
Q

The membranous part of the interventricular septum is complex formed by?

A

Tissue from

1) Fused endocardial cushions
2) Fused right and left bulbar ridges
- Associated w/ mitral valve problems

30
Q

What’s the most common type of congenital heart disease and how does it happen?

A

Most common:
-Membranous type ventral septal defect

-Endocardial cushions to fuse with the primordial IV septum and the bulbar septum

-Can have associated AV valve (usually mitral)
abnormality
L → R shunting of blood

31
Q

What forms the spiral septum (truncal) and bulbar septum

A

Neural crest cells

32
Q

what forms the smooth muscle of the aorta, pulmonary trunk, and semilunar valves?

A

Neural crest cells

CPR 1 (32 decks)

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