Lecture 21: Inflammation Flashcards
List the two major categories of inflammation
1) Acute inflammation
- Sudden onset
2) Chronic inflammation
- Over an extended period of time
List and describe the three major components of the acute inflammatory EXUDATE and the mode of formation
1) Neutrophils
- C58 and LTB call neutrophils to migrate to site of injury (Chemoattractins)
2) Fibrin Threads
3) Tissue fluid
List and describe the three morphological types of acute inflammation and state
an example for each type
1) Suppurative or purulent inflammation
- Death of neutrophils
- Causes pus
2) Fibrinous inflammation
-Occurs in serous lining around vital organs
-Contains Fibrin mats
(Pericardium lining = heart can pump bc friction free movement, also lungs)
3) Serous inflammation
- Happens in burns
- Fluid formation (Blimp)
Define the terms “pus”, “abscess” and “pyogenic bacteria”
1) Pus
- Semi-liquid containing neutrophils, fluid, and necrotic tissue
2) Abscess
-Occurs after failed attempt to remove cause of tissue damage
-Most common in infection by pyogenic bacteria
-Forms pus
-Chronic inflammatory component surrounds the area and fibrous tissue is laid down,
walling off the abscess cavity
3) Pyogenic Bacteria
-Promotes purulent inflammation
(Ex: Staph, Strep, pneumonia)
-Cause pus in the region that they reside
-Help w opsonization (Help neutrophil recognize an antigen)
Define and compare / contrast exudate versus transudate.
-Type of Serous inflammation
Transudate -
- No cells or fibers
- Only fluid content
Exudate - specific gravity >1.020 and protein
content >25 g/
List and describe the cardinal signs of inflammation
1) Redness (rubor) - hyperemia
2) Swelling (tumor) - fluid exudation and hyperemia
3) Heat (calor) - hyperemia
4) Pain (dolor) - release of bradykinin and PGE2
5) Loss of function –> combined effects
List and describe the possible outcomes of acute inflammation.
❖Resolution
- Recovery –> tissues back to normal
- Dead cells removed
❖Healing by fibrosis
- Infection gone
- Granulation tissue –> Scar tissue formed
❖Abscess formation
- Large collection of pus
- Tissue damage
- Fibrous Connective tissue wall built around it
❖Progression to chronic
inflammation
-Persists over prolonged time
-Cells: Lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, eosinophils, fibroblasts
Describe the main factors that determine the outcome of an acute inflammatory
condition.
1) Severity of tissue damage
2) Capacity of stem cells within
the tissue to replace the
specialized cells required
(regeneration)
3) The type of agent causing the damage
Describe the typical outcome of chronic inflammation.
1) Abscess
2) The following inflammatory cells in the area of damage will be recruited to regulate the inflammatory and
healing processes:
- Lymphocytes
- Macrophages
- Plasma cells
- Eosinophils
- Fibroblasts
Define and describe a granuloma
- inflammation found in many diseases
- Characterized by the presence of giant cells (Formed by fusion of macrophages)
Types:
1) Langhans giant cells
- From Immunological cause
- Caseous Necrosis
2) Foreign body giant cells
- From non-immunological cause
-Goal: Wall of foreign substances from body, bc it can’t eliminate them
What are the three major components of acute
inflammation?
1) Vascular Dilation:
- Tissue fills w blood, and flow slows down (Hyperemia= redness)
2) Endothelial Activation:
- Selectins and integrins
- Plasma proteins (Albumin, Globulin, fibrinogin) leak into system through endothelial permeability –> Neutrophil adherence, causes swelling
3) Neutrophil activation/migration:
- Selectins and integrins bind to receptors on surface
- Emigration from vessels into tissues = increased capacity for bacterial killing
What are the three major components of acute inflammation?
1) Vascular Dilation:
- Tissue fills w blood, and flow slows down (Hyperemia= redness)
2) Endothelial Activation:
- Selectins and integrins
- Plasma proteins (Albumin, Globulin, fibrinogin) leak into system through endothelial permeability –> Neutrophil adherence, causes swelling
3) Neutrophil activation/migration:
- Selectins and integrins bind to receptors on surface
- Emigration from vessels into tissues = increased capacity for bacterial killing
What do the major components of acute inflammation occur in response to? (Chemical mediators)
1) Vascular Dilation:
- Histamine
- Bradykinins
- Prostaglandins
- Nitric Oxide
2) Endothelial Activation:
- Serotonin
- Histamine
- Bradykinin
3) Neutrophils
- Complement C5a
- Leukotriene B4
