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FA2 Principles of Surgery > Lecture 5 8/27/24 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 8/27/24 Flashcards

1
Q

Which blades are held by a #3 scalpel handle?

A

-10
-11
-12
-15

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of the #3 scalpel handle?

A

-most frequently used
-holds smaller blades
-used for more delicate procedures

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3
Q

Which blades are held by a #4 scalpel handle?

A

-20
-21
-22
-23
-24
-25

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of a #4 scalpel handle?

A

-holds larger blades
-used for less delicate procedures

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of a #10 blade?

A

-preferred by most surgeons
-longest cutting surface of the small blades

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of a #15 blade?

A

-smaller version of the #10
-smaller cutting surface
-used for precise incisions

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of a #11 blade?

A

-pointed blade
-used for stab incisions during arthroscopic surgery

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of a #12 blade?

A

-curved blade
-used for removing sutures
-used for periosteal stripping and for opening abscesses

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9
Q

Why are disposable blades preferred to reusable blades?

A

-disposable blades are consistently sharp
-reusable blades are dulled by heat and chemicals

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of mayo scissors?

A

-straight version for straight cuts
-curved version for cuts around corners
-used for cutting connective tissue

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of metzenbaum scissors?

A

-straight and curved versions
-reserved for delicate soft-tissue dissection
-NOT used for suture cutting

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12
Q

What are suture scissors?

A

specially designated scissors only used for cutting suture, as suture cutting rapidly dulls the blades

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of all-purpose utility bandage scissors?

A

-have serrated blade
-serrated blade prevents bandage material from slipping while being cut

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of lister bandage scissors?

A

-lower blade has blunt tip
-blunt blade allows for insertion beneath bandage without damaging skin

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15
Q

What is unique about the grasping surfaces of needle holders?

A

they are crosshatched with a central longitudinal groove

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16
Q

What is an olsen-hegar needle holder?

A

combination of needle holder and scissors

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17
Q

What is a mayo-hegar needle holder?

A

standard needle holder with cross-hatched grip surface and ring handle only; no scissors

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18
Q

What is a mathieu needle holder?

A

needle holder that lacks finger holes and instead has a box lock

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19
Q

How does needle size impact choice of needle holder?

A

-want needle holder with narrow jaw width for small needles
-want needle holder with wide jaw width for larger needles

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20
Q

What is the purpose of thumb forceps?

A

to grasp and hold tissues and small objects

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21
Q

What are the characteristics of rat tooth thumb forceps?

A

-most aggressive
-used for manipulating skin and tough connective tissues
-available in 1-to-2, 2-to-3, and 4-to-5 interlocking tooth patterns

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22
Q

What are the characteristics of adson tissue forceps?

A

-1-to-2 interlocking tooth pattern
-used to grasp thin skin and light fascial planes

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of brown-adson tissue forceps?

A

-2 longitudinal rows of small intermeshing teeth
-provides a broad, delicate grip
-facilitates grasping of suture needle

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24
Q

What are the characteristics of Russian tissue forceps?

A

-broad, round tip
-grooved perimeter and concave center
-less traumatic than adson and brown-adson forceps
-good for grasping needles

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25
Q

What are the general characteristics of hemostatic forceps?

A

-used for hemostasis of vessels
-have transverse grooves to increase purchase of tissue

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26
Q

What are the characteristics of Halstead mosquito forceps?

A

-smallest and most frequently used
-used on small vessels

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27
Q

What are the characteristics of kelly and crile forceps?

A

-sturdy
-used for crushing large vessels

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28
Q

How do kelly and crile forceps differ?

A

-kelly forceps have grooves restricted to the distal half of the jaw
-crile forceps have grooves on the entire jaw surface

29
Q

What are the characteristics of Rochester-Pean forceps?

A

-used to clamp large tissue bundles and vessels
-deep transverse grooves over entire jaw

30
Q

What are the characteristics of Rochester-Ochsner forceps?

A

-2 interdigitating teeth to prevent tissue slippage
-traumatic and therefore reserved for tissue being removed

31
Q

What are the characteristics of Rochester-Carmalt forceps?

A

-often used for pedicle ligation
-jaw grooves run longitudinally
-grooves facilitate removal during ligation

32
Q

What are the characteristics of Doyen-DeBakey intestinal forceps?

A

-occlude lumen of small intestine with minimal trauma
-flexible jaw with longitudinal serrations

33
Q

What are the characteristics of allis tissue forceps?

A

-teeth are oriented perpendicular to direction of pull
-used to grip heavy tissue or tissues being excised
-NOT for skin

34
Q

What are the characteristics of Babcock intestinal forceps?

A

-used to grab viscera
-less traumatic than Allis forceps

35
Q

What are the characteristics of Satinsky clamps?

A

-atraumatic, longitudinally grooved jaws with two bends
-used for vascular surgery

36
Q

What is the purpose of sponge forceps?

A

used to grab sponges for swabbing tissues or cavities

37
Q

What are the characteristics of a senn retractor?

A

-finger-held
-blunt or sharp retractor prongs at one end
-right-angled finger plate at other end

38
Q

What are the characteristics of an army-navy retractor?

A

-hand-held
-double-ended retracting blades of two different lengths

39
Q

What are the characteristics of a kelly retractor?

A

-hand-held
-loop handle and a broad blade with a round, bent tip

40
Q

What are the characteristics of a ribbon malleable retractor?

A

-hand-held
-able to bend blade to desired length

41
Q

What are the characteristics of a gelpi retractor?

A

-self-retaining
-grip lock mechanism
-two outwardly pointed tips

42
Q

What are the characteristics of a weitlaner retractor?

A

-self-retaining
-2-to-3 or 3-to-4 outwardly pointed blunt or sharp prongs

43
Q

What are the characteristics of a balfour retractor?

A

-self-retaining
-improves exposure in abdominal surgeries

44
Q

What are the characteristics of a finochietto retractor?

A

-self-retaining
-designed as a rib spreader
-also used for vestibule/vagina/cervix surgery in mares

45
Q

What are the characteristics of backhaus towel clamps?

A

-most common
-used to attach draping to patient

46
Q

What is the main characteristic of roeder towel clamps?

A

contains ball stops to prevent deep tissue penetration and minimize towel slippage

47
Q

What is the use of a yankauer suction tube?

A

removal of large volumes of blood or fluid from surgical site

48
Q

What is the use of a frazier-ferguson suction tube?

A

suction in confined areas that can be better controlled by placement of a finger over the hole on the handle

49
Q

What is the use of the poole suction tube?

A

useful in the abdomen due to its multiple ports; less likely to be plugged by omentum

50
Q

What are rongeurs?

A

tool with opposed cupped cutting jaws used for removal of bone, cartilage, and fibrous tissue

51
Q

What are curettes?

A

instruments with sharp oval or round edges for removing diseased bone, cartilage, debris, and/or damaged tissue

52
Q

What is the function of periosteal elevators?

A

elevate periosteum and muscle attachments away from bone

53
Q

How do the different bone-cutting instruments differ?

A

-osteome: double-beveled
-chisel: single-beveled
-gouge: curved blade

54
Q

What happens if a chisel is reversed?

A

it goes from moving along the bone surface to diving deep into bone

55
Q

What is a Jacobs chuck?

A

pin insertion instrument that accepts pin and has an extension to protect surgeon

56
Q

What is a galt trephine?

A

instrument used to remove a cylinder of bone; has an adjustable central trocar for centering and stabilizing

57
Q

What is a michele trephine?

A

trephine with a graduated scale along the shaft to allow for measurement of penetration depth

58
Q

How should a scalpel be handled?

A

blade attached and detached with needle holder or hemostat; never fingers

59
Q

What are the characteristics of the scalpel pencil grip?

A

-distal end of handle grasped between thumb and index finger while resting on middle finger
-tip of middle finger contacts patient
-only fingers moved
-incision made with tip of scalpel

60
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the pencil grip?

A

advantages:
-precise cuts
-good for short incisions
disadvantages:
-steep angle
-decreases contact of cutting edge with skin

61
Q

What are the characteristics of the scalpel fingertip grip?

A

-index finger rests on top of blade to control downward pressure
-tips of other fingers placed beneath handle
-tip of thumb placed on other side of handle

62
Q

What are the advantages of the fingertip grip?

A

-good for long straight or curved incisions
-greater cutting surface
-optimal for depth control

63
Q

What are the characteristics of the scalpel palm grip?

A

-fingers and palm wrapped around handle
-thumb placed on top edge of blade
-strongest grasp

64
Q

What are the characteristics of scissor handling?

A

-cutting action is most effective near tips
-straight blades are better for cutting dense tissue
-use a tripod/thumb-ring finger grip

65
Q

What are the types of needle holder grips?

A

-tripod grip
-thenar eminence grip
-palm grip

66
Q

How should thumb forceps be handled?

A

-pencil grip in non-dominant hand when manipulating or stabilizing tissue
-rested in palm when not in use

67
Q

How should hemostatic tissue forceps be handled?

A

tripod grip

68
Q

What are Halsted’s principles?

A

-gentle handling of tissue
-meticulous hemostasis
-preservation of blood supply
-strict aseptic technique
-minimum tension on tissues
-accurate tissue apposition
-obliteration of dead space

FA2 Principles of Surgery (15 decks)

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