Lecture 15 10/31/24 Flashcards
What is the definition of orthopedic surgery?
any procedure used to:
-stabilize bone fractures
-explore and stabilize joints
-replace joints
-repair tendon/ligament injuries
-stablize spinal column
-decompress spinal cord
-resect musculoskeletal tumors
What is the importance of different fracture patterns?
-structures are elastic and will bend to a point
-will break in specific patterns based on the stress applied
What are the key steps to orthopedic diagnosis?
-history and physical exam
-lameness/orthopedic examination
-confirmation with medical imaging
Which orthopedic surgeries are considered urgent/emergent?
-open fractures
-infected tendon sheaths and joints
Why is it important that most orthopedic surgeries are considered elective?
it allows for time for planning the repair
Which imaging modalities are used to plan for orthopedic surgery?
-radiography
-computed tomography
-ultrasonography
-MRI
-scintigraphy
What is a closed reduction?
fracture repair performed without a surgical exposure
What is an open reduction?
fracture repair after a surgical approach to the bone
What is a minimally invasive fracture repair?
insertion of orthopedic implant and surgical stabilization via skin incision of limited length
What is reduction?
realignment of a fractured bone
What is internal fixation?
open approach with the use of specific orthopedic implants to stabilize the fracture
What is external fixation?
stabilization of a fracture by using transcortical pins connected externally
What is cerclage wire?
orthopedic wire placed around the circumference of the bone to stabilize long, oblique fractures
What is arthroscopy?
use of a camera to evaluate the joints
What is malunion?
inadequate alignment of the bones at the completion of bone healing
What is non-union?
cessation of bone healing over time
What are some of the modern approaches to implants?
-software for implant selection
-3D printing of implants and fixtures
What are the types of screws used for orthopedic procedures?
-cortical
-cancellous
-self tapping
-locking
-partially or fully threaded
What are the types of plates used for orthopedic procedures?
-limited contact dynamic compression plate
-locking plates
-string of pearls
-reconstruction
What are the shapes of plates used for orthopedic procedures?
-straight
-T plates
-L plates
-cobra head plates
-specialized plates for osteotomies
What are the types of nails/pins used for orthopedic procedures?
-intramedullary
-transcortical
What glove options can orthopedic surgeons use to prevent contamination of the surgery field?
-orthopedic gloves with increased thickness that protects against glove perforation
-double gloving to have an additional layer in the event of glove perforation
What are the healing times for different orthopedic diseases?
fracture repair: 6 to 12 weeks
tendinopathies/desmitis: up to 6 months
joint diseases: 4 to 6 weeks
What are the important steps to take for post-op orthopedic patients?
pain management using a multimodal approach
-rehabilitation program
What are the characteristics of surgical site infections in orthopedic surgery?
-infection around the implants causes pain, lameness, and tenderness
-necessitates removal of the implant
-debridement also commonly done
