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Cognitive Neuroscience > Lecture 5&6 - Emotion > Flashcards

Lecture 5&6 - Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

components of emotions

A
  • behavior
  • physiology
  • feeling
  • > subjective feelings, expressive emotions
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2
Q

categorical theories (of emotion)

A

emotions as beeing discrete and independent, distinguishing basic (= innate, widely shared - psychological patterns/visual cues) from complex emotions (= learned, subject to change, combining basic emotions - more varied)

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3
Q

dimensional theories (of emotion)

A
  • emotions are point within complex space; arousal and valence as dimensional space
  • > arousal = intensity of emotion
  • > valence = positive or negative direction
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4
Q

Measuring emotions (psychophysiology)

A

= measuringbodily changes while emotion is expressed -> autonomic nervous system reaction

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5
Q

sympathetic division (autonomic nervous system)

A

expand energy (fight or flight)

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6
Q

parasympathetic division (autonomic nervous system)

A

conserve energy (rest-and-digest)

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7
Q

skin conductance response

A

measuring skin response (ex. sweting with electordes)

-> there are latencies in the measurement

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8
Q

startle response

A

measruing eye-blink response with EMG, elicited by unexpected stimuli
-> measuring valence, quick response

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9
Q

3 infromation-processing stages of emotions

A
  1. evalution of sensory input
  2. conscious experience of a feeling state
  3. expression of behavioral and physiolocical responses
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10
Q

William James on Emotion

A

deterministic relationship between emotions and body

-> cannot feel emotions when there is no reaction from the body

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11
Q

Feedback theory of emotion (James Lange)

A

emotional stimulus causes bodily reaction (sensory cortex activates motor cortex, both in cerebral cortex), eliciting a bodily response, which gets feed back into brain (sensory cortex in cerebral cortex), which cuases reaction -> a feeling/feelings

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12
Q

Diencephalic theory (Cannon-Bard)

A

stating that autonomic nervous system responds to similar to account for all the variations within emotions (there has to be another theory …)

  • > hypothalamus and thalamus especially active when eliciting emotion, processor of emotional stimulus (in hypothalamus it also elicits bodily responses), forward processed material to cerebral cortex, elciciting feelings
  • > concerns parallel processing
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13
Q

similarities of James Langes and Cannon Bards theories

A
  • body is important in generating emotions

- conscious emotional states are processed in neocortex

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14
Q

Limbic system theory

A

for responsible emotional functions, hippocampus is crucial

-> not dedicated to emotions only, more responsible for other processes, less impacted in emotions

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15
Q

right-hemispheric hypothesis (hemispheric-assymetry hypothesis) + problems/damage

A
  • mediating emotions (perceiving emotions)
  • producing facial expressions (and speech prosodyM melody or tonal used while talking)
    damaged; difficulty in emotion perception, difficutly in producing facial expression and speech prosody (accodringly)
  • negative emotions/survival related (valence hypothesis)
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16
Q

left-hemispheric (hemispheric-assymetry hypothesis) + problems/damage

A
  • positive emotions/linguistic &social functions (valence hypothesis)
17
Q

vertical integration models

A

relates two processing levels:

  1. deep brain regions (limbic system theroy)
  2. neocortical region (hemispheric-assymetry hypothesis)
    - > used to study fear conditioning
    - > shows that it needs long time to develop motor skills/learn habits
18
Q

medial temporal lobe - conditional fear learning

A
  • amygdala to epxress fear (allows emotional stimuli to reach awareness)
  • > if amygdala is damages; no fear response (but can be learned to some extend)
  • > hippocampal damage; showing fear response, but no learnign out of it
19
Q

somatic marker hypothesis

A
  • > role of emotion in decision making
  • ventromedial prefrontal cortex links factual knowledge to bioregulatory states (somatic markers (feelings in the body that are associated with emotions))
  • > isnula curcial; monitors own psychological state, concerning introspection; evaluating owns feelings (activity can be measured)
20
Q

What do emotions influence?

A

perception & attention

21
Q

memory modulation hypothesis

A

amygdala enhances memory consolidation

  • > has direct axonal connections
  • > releases stress hormones
22
Q

emotion regulation

A
  • fear extintion
  • > situation selection
  • > cogntivie reappraisal
  • > expressive supression
  • curcial for mental and physical health
23
Q

Why measuring stress in health care?

A
  • insight into owns (understanding oneself) and others stress level (especially important when they cannot communicate anymore)
24
Q

Behavioral and Psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)

A

= all the behavior associated with suffering/danger for person with dimensia or person around dimensia sick person - dependent on personal circumstances
-> not the behavior itself, but the effect of it determines whether there is a problem

25
Q

Progressive lowered trehsold model (stress treshold; consequences of stress)

A
  • to little stress = boredom
  • to much stress = negative impact (ex. aggression)
  • > need to find treshold in-between
26
Q

psychological treatments for BPSD

A

impared expression of feelings from dimentia suffering patience
-> psycho-social treatment, requires extensive analysis, needing clinical measurement

27
Q

definition of stress:

  1. biologically
  2. psychologically
A
  1. nervous system -> arousal

2. happenings to the body

28
Q

tools to measure stress + what to consider?+ what they measure?

A
  • wearable sensors
  • > need to be chosen approbriately, interface shown to user needs to be fitted
  • > measuring movement, temperature, heart rate, skin conductance
29
Q

How could AI help evaluating the relationship between measurements and actual stress?

A

-> feature extraction (from rule based, calibrated to differences in people) -> using machine learning
(always consider false positives which coul have affect on person)

30
Q

detecting arousal and valence

A
  • > valence is difficult to detect (cannot see if positive or negative)
  • > arousal is easily detected
31
Q

how to generate affective robot movement

A

using adversarial neural networks (GANs); deep learning technique(s)
-> theories of emotion used in robot design; allows to design facial expressions

Cognitive Neuroscience (6 decks)

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