lecture 5 Flashcards
sulfonamides and trimethoprim inhibit what?
purine production and DNA metabolism
what drug inhibits dihydrojpterate synthetase?
sulfonamides
what drug inhibits dihydrofolate reductase?
trimethooprim
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole spectrum
positive and negative aerobes including MRSA
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole can cause hypersensitivity in what type of patients?
HIV
what is drug of choice for nocardia, pneumocystis, and stenotrophamonas?
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole clinicaly used for what type of infection?
UTI
initial phase of TB is how long and what type of medications would be mused?
2 months. rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol
continuation phase of TB is how long and which drugs used?
4 months. rifampin and isoniazid
MDR of TB is what?
resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin
XDR of TB is what?
resistance to isoniazid and rifampin, fluoguinolone, and at least one second line injectable drug
mechanism of isoniazid?
inhibits cell wall mycolic acid synthesis
Isoniazid is widely distributed, including where?
CSF
isoniazid can lead to increased levels of what?
phenytoin- used to treat seizures
how is isoniazid metabolized?
acetylation in the liver
which drug should you not consume alcohol
isoniazid
mechanism of rifampin?
blocks bacterial RNA polymerase
interactions related to rifampin?
reduced drug concentration due to CYP450 inducer
consideration when taking rifampin?
good oral absorption, take on empty stomach
nystatin is what kind of anti fungal?
polyene
what was one of the first antifungals?
amphotericin B
mechanism of amphotericin B?
binds ergosterol in call wall and increases membrane permeability
first line for cryptococcus
amphotericin B
spectrum for amphotericin B?
yeast and mold
what limits use of amphotericin B?
toxicity
what limits nystatins systemic use?
toxicity
use for nystatin? and why
oral candidiasis, topical fungal infections. not absorbed by GI
how are azaleas metabolized?
in the liver
mechanism of azoles
inhibits fungal CYP450 responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol
