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pharm exam 3 > lecture 1 > Flashcards

lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

antiviral agents divided into 3 groups?

A

virucides, antivirals and immunomodulators

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2
Q

orthomyxoviridiea is what time of virus?

A
  • RNA, influenza
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3
Q

what mediates viral entry into call for orthomyxoviridae?

A

hemagglutinin binding sialic receptors on target cells

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4
Q

what does neuraminidase do?

A

cleaves silica acid on cell surface allowing viral release

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5
Q

amantadine and rimantadine do what?

A

block uncoating/entry

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6
Q

zanamivir and oseltamivir are what?

A

neuraminidase inhibitors

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7
Q

MOA of oseltamivir

A

competitive inhibitor of neuraminidase. binds to active site of NA enzyme.

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8
Q

oseltamivir has activity against which influenza’s?

A

A and B

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9
Q

main side effect of tamiflu?

A

GI, can be avoided when taking with food

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10
Q

HBV is what kind of virus?

A

double stranded DNA

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11
Q

HBV replication targeted by what?

A

nucleoside and nucleotide analogues

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12
Q

entacavir is a ___________ nucleoside analogue, inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA synthesis by inhibiting HBV ____________

A

guanosine,polymerase

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13
Q

entecavir serious AE?

A

endocrine metabolic lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly and recurrent hepatitis

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14
Q

what kind of virus is HCV?

A

+ RNA

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15
Q

which virus shows 80% of pts progressing from acute-> chronic?

A

HCV

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16
Q

interferons and ribavirin are what type of agents? for HCV

A

indirect, not used much anymore

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17
Q

NS3/4A Inhibitors
NS5A Replication Complex Inhibitors
NS5B Inhibitors are all what? for HCV

A

direct acting antivirals

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18
Q

what protease is responsible for reducing host innate immune response to HCV?

A

ns3/4a

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19
Q

Noncovalent inhibitor of NS3/4a serine protease- active against _______NS3 protease. is this inhibitor 1st generation or second?

A

GT 1, second

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20
Q

simeprevir used for what?

A

2nd generation NS3/4a for HCV. ( CYP34A substrate)

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21
Q

NS5A used for what?

A

protein needed for viral replication and assembly

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22
Q

which HCV medication needs to be given in combination in order to avoid resistance development?

A

NS5A. given with sofosbuvir and needs acidic environment for absoprtion

23
Q

NS5B inhibits what?

A

RNA polymerase

24
Q

sofosbuvir is example of what? and what is it and what does it do?

A

NS5B polymerase inhibitor. uridine nucleotide analog , chain terminator

25
Q

NS5B inhibitors have two types, what are they?

A

nucleotide and non nucleotide

26
Q

non nucleotide NS5B inhibitor only available as what?

A

combination only

27
Q

treatment of HCV requires what?

A

more than 1 active agent to prevent resistance

28
Q

HPV is what kind of virus?

A

double stranded circular DNA with no envelope

29
Q

usual cause for HPV

A

biopsy

30
Q

most effective treatment for HPV?

A

cryosurgery

31
Q

herpes is what kind of virus?

A

double stranded DNA virus with envelope

32
Q

what can cause hepatic whitlow?

A

herpes

33
Q

medications for herpes work through what?

A

inhibition of viral DNA polymerase

34
Q

antiherpes medication have what type of structures?

A

nucleoside analogs

35
Q

acyclovir used for what?

A

herpes

36
Q

acyclovir target site and mechanism of action?

A

viral DNA polymerase. phosphorylation of thymidylate kinase to monophosphate form, chain terminator

37
Q

use of acyclovir?

A

HSV1, 2, and VZV

38
Q

drug interactions with acyclovir?

A

nephrotoxic agents

39
Q

use of ganciclovir?

A

CMV, HSV1,2, VZV

40
Q

gangciclovir adverse effects

A

myelosuppression, CNS side effects, prig category C teratogenicity, embryo toxicity, irreversible reproductive toxicity

41
Q

reverse transcriptase inhibitor types:

A

nucleoside and nucleotide inhibitors, and non nucleoside inhibitor

42
Q

NRTI and NtRTI are structurally similar to what?

A

purine and pyrimidine, lach 3” OH group

43
Q

which RT inhitoris are chain terminators?

A

NRTI and NtRTI

44
Q

NRTI’s used for what two things?

A

HBV and as RT inhibitors

45
Q

how to NNRTI’s work?

A

bind to RT enzyme, no phosphorylation

46
Q

tenofovir is what type of drug?

A

NRTI

47
Q

how is tenofovir eliminated?

A

REnal

48
Q

Tenofovir AE?

A

nephrotoxicity

49
Q

Efavirenz is what type of drug?

A

NNRTI

50
Q

AE of efavirenz?

A

CNS side effects

51
Q

what kind of drug is dolutegravir?

A

integrase inhibitor

52
Q

darunavir is what kind of drug?

A

protease inhibitor

53
Q

AE of darunavir?

A

body fat abnormalities

pharm exam 3 (5 decks)

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