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pharm exam 3 > lecture 3 > Flashcards

lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

empiric treatment is what?

A

based on most likely microbes

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2
Q

what describes what the drug does to the body ?

A

PD

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3
Q

what are the PD parameters?

A

time dependent or concentration dependent

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4
Q

penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems are all what type of antibiotic?

A

beta lactams

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5
Q

penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems and vancomycin are all antibiotics that work through what?

A

cell wall synthesis inhbition

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6
Q

MOA of cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A

inhibiting PBP, or cell lysis through osmotic pressure

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7
Q

penecillin and amoxicillin primarily excreted by what?

A

kidney

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8
Q

which has longer half life, amox or pen?

A

amox

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9
Q

do amox and pen have higher or lower half lives vs others?

A

lower

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10
Q

does amox or pen have better abilities to reach high serum concentrations?

A

amox

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11
Q

do you want a drug that is more or less protein bound/

A

less

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12
Q

why is probenecid a problem with penicillin?

A

can block renal excretion, therefor increased serum levels of pen

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13
Q

penecillin has cross-reactivity with what other beta lactam?

A

cephalosporins

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14
Q

prophylaxis for dental treatment is only for patients with what?

A

underlying cardiac conditions associated with highest risk of adverse outcome from IE

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15
Q

some high risks which would need antibiotics for dental treatment

A

prosthetic cardiac valve, prior history if IE, CHD, unprepared cyanotic CHD< completely repaired during first 6 months after procedure,repaired CHD with residual defects, Cardiac transplantation recipients who develop cardiac valvulopathy

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16
Q

characteristics of the drug prevent reaching the target site or the drug is inactivated

A

intrinsic

17
Q

resistance which develops horizontally or vertically

A

aquired

18
Q

3 mechanisms of resistance

A

drug cannot reach target, drug is inactivated, target site is altered

19
Q

what does clavulanic acid do?

A

prevents destruction of beta lactase, sometimes given with penicillins

20
Q

cephalosporin more helpful for what two things?

A

gram negative and MSSA

21
Q

alterations in membrane permeability or efflux

A

drug cannot reach target site

22
Q

target site is altered

A

MRSA and PRSP

23
Q

drug is inactivated

A

penicillinases, cephalosporinases, and extended spectrum beta lactamases

24
Q

which beta lactam is reserved for last resort? broad spectrum agent

A

carbapenems

25
Q

AE of carbapenems?

A

increased risk of seizure

26
Q

which antibiotic is only given IV?

A

carbapenems

27
Q

are beta lactams time dependent or concentration dependent?

A

time

28
Q

are beta lactams primarily bacteriostatic of cidal?

A

cidal

29
Q

benefit of cefpodoxime vs cephalexin?

A

better gram negative effects

pharm exam 3 (5 decks)

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