Lecture 5

Question 0

What are the three male sexual behaviors

Answer 0

Mounting
Intromission
Ejaculation

Question 1

What is a sex drive

Answer 1

A motivational force that drives individuals to seek sexual Union

Question 2

What is the appetitive phase of a sex drive

Answer 2

Courtship (includes functions that can comminicate about readiness to mate, genetic endowments, resources, etc.
It can also include search, intrasex and Intersexual competition. Followed by consummatory phase

Question 3

Describe how male sexual behavior is measured

Answer 3

The intermount interval is the average time between successive mounts

The inter Intromission interval is the average time between successive intermissions

The post ejaculatory interval is the time between ejaculation and the onset of the next copulatory series.

Question 4

How does castration eliminate or reduce male sexual behavior

Answer 4

• there is mount & Intromission latency
• fewer Intromission
• loss of ejaculation
• decreased number of mounts/ intro missions

Question 5

Difference between restoration and maintenance

Answer 5

After castration The immediate replacement of testosterone is maintenance and the delayed replacement is restoration.

Question 6

What maintains mating behavior in castrated males

Answer 6

Testosterone and androstenedione

Question 7

How does estrogens show a role in male rodent sexual behavior

Answer 7

Estrogens maintains mating behavior in castrated male rodents when male sexual behavior and hormones are blocked.

Question 8

What is required to maintain normal mating behavior?

Answer 8

Both estrogenic effects and androgenic effects

Question 9

What is required to maintain normal mating behavior?

Answer 9

Both estrogenic effects and androgenic effects.

Question 10

Projections from the POA to dopaminergic neurons are necessary for normal male copulatory behavior, explain why

Answer 10

Drugs that increase dopamine levels and doping receptor agonists increase behavior among intact males and drugs that suppress dopamine reduces it.

Question 11

What kind of organ is vomeronasal organ believed to be.

Answer 11

It’s believed to be a pheromone organ.

Question 12

What is the flehman response

Answer 12

A response to chemosensory stimuli obtained during anogenital investigation and forced olfactory cues into vomeronasal organ

Question 13

what is a pheromone?

Answer 13

a chemical produce by an animal and serves as a stimulus to other animals of same species for one or more behavioral responses

Question 14

Dopamine Pathways - Tuberoinfular pathway

Answer 14

Transmit DA from arcuate nucleus to the Hypothalamus and to the pituitary gland. DA regulates secretion of PRL (prolactin).

Question 15

DA Pathways - Nigrostriatal Pathway

Answer 15

transmist DA from SN (substantia nigra) to Neostratium. involved in movement and Parkinson’s

Question 16

DA pathways - Mescorticolimbic pathway

Answer 16

1) Transmits DA from VTA (ventral tegmental area) to frontal lobe of pre-frontal cortex. involved in learning decision making.
2) DA from VTA to NA (nucleus accumbens) involved in motivation, emotion and reward.
3) DA from VTA to Amygdala, NBST, MPOA and Hippocampus. involved in copulatory behavior, social interaction

Question 17

POA and sexual behavior

Answer 17

Lesion of POA disrupts copulatory behavior
Electrical stimulation of POA accelerates ejaculation
Olfactory stimulus activates the mPOA, increases GnRH resulting in elevated testosterone levels

Question 18

Modulation of the MPOA

Answer 18

MPOA requieres estrogen for sexual behavior. Castration reduces the production of aromatase in the MPOA which decreases sexual behavior. Testosterone stimulates aromatase and production of estrogen

Question 19

what are the phases of human sex behavior?

Answer 19

Human sexual behavior can be divided into appetitive (sex drive, libido, motivation) and consummatory (performance, potency) phases.

Question 20

How do levels of hormones affect male sexual behavior?

Answer 20

In general human male sexual activity parallels circulating levels of androgens. Peak during 20’s and Declines with age. AKA Andropause

Question 21

What is the role of DHT (Dihydrotestosterone)?

Answer 21

DHT alone does not restore or maintain mating behavior in castrated males but it is required for penile sensitivity in non castrated males.

Question 22

5 sexual behaviors in which DA is involved?

Answer 22

1) Motivated behaviors 2) Learning
3) Sexual behavior without hormone prime
4) Sexual behavior for non-procreation
5) Sexually naive vs experienced

Question 23

What primate brain mechanisms are involved?

Answer 23

The steroid receptor distribution is highly conserved in:
-Amygdala -Hippocampus - Hypothalamus
-Forebrain limbic structures
The enzyme distribution differs

Question 24

Motivation of sexual behavior

Answer 24

It is determined by how much work an individual is willing to do or by how much pain or other unpleasantries an individual can endure to obtain access to a female