Lecture 5 Flashcards
pH = what?
= -log{H+]
what is the pH of saliva?
6.6
what is the pH of blood plasma?
7.4
the higher the concentration, the ______ the pH.
LOWER
log (XY) is the same as…
log(X) + log(Y)
log (X^n) is the same as…
n log (X)
log 1 =
0
log 2 =
0.3
log 10 =
1
Ka of a reaction =
products/reactants
what is meant by Ka
it is value of the equilibrium constant
what is the henderson hasselbalch equation?
pH = pK + log ( [base]/[acid] )
when do buffers work best?
when pH is close to pK
respiratory compensation occurs how quickly and in response to what?
- minutes
- CO2 and pH
renal compensation occurs how quickly and in response to what?
- hours to days
- H+ and synthesis of HCO
what is the normal Arterial Blood Gas Value for hydrogen?
40 nmol/L
what is the normal Arterial Blood Gas Value for CO2?
40 mmHg
what is the normal Arterial Blood Gas Value for hydrogen?
24 mmol/L
explain what happens when there is a decrease in bicarbonate and what the compensation is.
- metabolic acidosis
- blood becomes more acidic
- hyperventilation occurs as a compensation.
explain what happens when there is an increase in bicarbonate and what the compensation is.
- metabolic alkalosis
- blood becomes more basic
- hypoventilation occurs as a compensation.
explain what happens during hyperventilation.
- deeper or quicker breaths result in MORE carbon dioxide being removed from the blood. This loss of carbon dioxide forces the remaining bicarbonate to react with any protons in order to replenish the blood with CO2, thus reacting with hydrogen ions and making the blood more alkaline.
explain what happens during hypoventilation.
- shallow or slower breaths result in LESS carbon dioxide being removed from the blood. This excess of CO2 in the blood reacts with water to eventually form more hydrogen ions, making the blood more acidic.
explain the compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis.
- cause is accumulation of CO2 as a result of inadequate ventilation.
- renal system responds over a period of 3-5 days to increase secretion of carbonic acid and increase reabsorption of bicarbonate which will then drive the bicarbonate/co2 reaction toward CO2.
