Lecture 35 Flashcards
What is the redox version of the free energy equation?
Delta G = -n F Delta E knot
What is the first electron donor to the electron transport chain?
NADH to complex 1
what is the second electron donor to the electron transport chain?
FADH2 to complex 2
describe the general pathway of electrons through the electron transport chain. (complexes)
Complex 1, complex 2, ubiquinone, complex 3, cytochrome C, complex 4, oxygen.
what complexes are responsible for establishing the proton gradient in the intermembrane space?
complexes 1-3
What is the purpose of the ATP transporter located near the ATP synthetase in the mitochondrial inner membrane?
it allows ATP to go out of the mitochondrial matrix and also allows some to go in.
what is an inhibitor of complex 1?
rotenone, used to kill fish more commonly.
what is an inhibitor of complex 2?
antimycin A, also used to kill fish more commonly
What is an inhibitor of complex 4?
carbon monoxide and cyanide
- also sodium azide in bacteria which is used for sterilization purposes in labs
what is an inhibitor of complex 5?
oligomycin
what is an inhibitor of ATP formation?
ADP translocase which reduces the amount of ADP available
what is a way to inhibit the ETC without inhibiting any of the complexes or reducing the ADP concentration?
use Uncoupling proteins which act as another transporter for H+ to come back into the mitochondrial matrix, undermining the proton motive force necessary for ATP synthetase to function.
When using an uncoupler, what happens to the potential energy normally used to make ATP?
it is released as heat
how many ATP is one NADH worth?
2.5-3
how many ATP is one FADH2 worth?
1.5 - 2
one molecule of glucose converts to __ pyruvate, __ ATP, __ GTP, __ NADH, __ FADH2.
2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 GTP, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2.
how many ATP does oxidative phosphorylation typically result in.
30 to 38 ATP.
What catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone?
NADH-Q reductase complex aka cytochrome I
what catalyzes the transfer of electrons from Ubiquinone to cytochrome c?
QH2-cytochrome c reductase aka complex III
what secures oxygen and catalyzes the transfer of electrons to it?
cytochrome oxidase aka cytochrom IV
what bypasses NADH-Q reductase complex and transfers electrons directly to ubiquinone?
mitochondrial flavoproteins aka complez II
What is a common uncoupler?
2,4 - dinitrophenol
