Lecture 5

Question 1

How do infants and toddlers learn? (3 ways)

Answer 1

1. Senses-seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, touching
2. Reciprocal adult-child interaction
3. Movement-actions and reactions-eg infant pushes a button on a musical light up toy and elicits sound and light

Question 2

Why is movement so important for infants and toddlers?

Answer 2

1. Senses-will see less, have less use of hands to,
   touch, delay self-feeding
2. Less opportunity for adult-child interaction eg. Child sitting up in a shopping cart can interact much more than a child lying within a carrier
3. Less opportunity to develop fine motor skills

Question 3

Infants/Toddlers referrals in clinical environment include those with:

Answer 3

• Cognitive
• Physical
• Communication
• Social
• Adaptive

Question 4

What is the primary Goal and Objective of Motor Programs for Infants and
Toddlers?

Answer 4

• enhance development of motor milestones
  and the acquisition of motor skills.
• Provide opportunities for active movement
• Create movement environments that are child centered and
  stimulate the child to act upon the environment

Question 5

SHAPE America Infant Guidelines (5)

Answer 5

• Guideline 1: Infants should interact with caregivers in daily
  physical activities
• Guideline 2: Caregivers should place infants in settings that encourage and stimulate movement experiences and active
  play for short periods of time several times a day.
• Guideline 3: Infants’ physical activity should promote skill
  development in movement.
• Guideline 4: Infants should be placed in an environment that meets or exceeds recommended safety standards for
  performing large-muscle activities.
• Guideline 5: Those in charge of infants’ well-being are responsible for understanding the importance of physical
  activity and should promote movement skills by providing opportunities for structured and unstructured physical
  activity.

Question 6

What is the Canadian 24 Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years (Infants)?

Answer 6

30 minutes minimum tummy time spread throughout the day
- <1 hour at a time restrained (stroller, highchair)
- No screen time recommended
- Sedentary time-reading, story telling

Question 7

What is the Canadian 24 Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years (Toddlers)?

Answer 7

• 180 minutes + spent at variety of physical activities and intensities, spread
  throughout the day
• More is better!
• < 1hour at a time restrained
• No sitting for extended periods
• No screen time younger than age 2
• Age 2+-less that 1 hour screen time/day
• When sedentary, engage in reading, story telling

Question 8

What are the Objectives for Testing?

Answer 8

• Identify gross motor developmental level compared with
  children of the same age
• Identify specific skill delays so they can be addressed with program planning and instruction

Question 9

What are the Preschool-aged principles of design (5)

Answer 9

1. Child-directed learning
2. Opportunity for choice
3. Self-initiated exploration
4. Mix of novel and familiar equipment
5. Opportunity to view peer models