Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHEM201 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

which of the following fluids would provide the most accurate results for carbohydrate testing?
a) CSF
b) urine
c) wholeblood
d) all of the above

A

c) wholeblood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F only diabetes mellitus is responsible for glucose changes in the body

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which of the following is false regarding glucose oxidase (trinder’s)?
a) good to use plasma, CSF, urine and whole blood without issues
b) only reacts with beta D glucose which makes up 64% of glucose
c) must at mutarotase to convert any glucose into beta D glucose
d) bilirubin and bleach can both cause interferences with the reaction

A

a) good for plasma and CSF because urine and whole blood may have to have interferences removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name 2 things that may cause interference with glucose oxidase (trinder’s) and what it does to the results?

A
  1. bleach would falsely increase
  2. bilirubin would falsely decrease (interferes with glucose ability to react w/ enzyme)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do glucose oxidase and glucose dehydrogenase differ?

A

GO: has more interferences
GD: highly specific and very little interference

may add mutarotase to both to change alpha to beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which of the following methods do not require mutarotase?
a) glucose oxidase
b) glucose dehydrogenase
c) hexokinase
d) they all require it to change beta-D glucose

A

c) hexokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which of the following is the most accurate in measuring glucose?
a) glucose oxidase
b) glucose dehydrogenase
c) hexokinase
d) they are all equally accurate

A

c) hexokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F hexokinase can be used for serum or plasma

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which of the following may cause interference with hexokinase?
a) hemolysis
b) drugs
c) lipemia
d) icteric samples
e) all of the above

A

e) all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F the dose of glucose is the same for adults, children, and pregnant women

A

F, varies based on age and pregnant women get less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the first step when someone comes in for an oral glucose tolerance test?

A

take blood before giving them their dose of glucose, then take after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F for an OGTT, a patient must discontinue any medications that interfere with glucose metabolism

A

F, only if it is safe to do so

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which of the below is not something that a patient may be asked to do for an OGTT?
a) do not smoke or consume caffeine during test
b) ensure they eat a low carb diet prior to the OGTT
c) avoid strenuous movement and stress
d) not be vissibly ill or bedridden

A

b) try to have a normal and unrestricted diet leading up to your OGTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which of the following may contribute or cause lab errors during the OGTT?
a) insufficient or incorrect info from patient
b) incorrect labeling of tubes without time differentiating
c) insufficient patient monitoring
d) incorrect carb load given
e) all of the above can cause errors

A

e) all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which of the following is a consideration that must be made for glucose measurements for CSF specimens?
a) incubate at room temperature for 20 minutes to increase glucose levels
b) centrifuge and then put in the fridge at 4C
c) put in the freezer at -20 until ready to run
d) it is STAT and must be centrifuged ASAP to remove cellss

A

d) STAT and must be centrifuged ASAP to remove cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F CSF glucose measurement can be used as a standalone test result

A

F, must do serum with CSF bc things affect glucose in CSF so you wanna correlate CSF value with serum value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F the reference value for CSF glucose is >2.5mmol/L or 2/3 of the serum value

A

true

18
Q

whole blood is ___% lower than plasma/serum glucose
a) 10-15%
b) 12-16%
c) 12-15%
d) 11-15%

A

c) 12-15%

19
Q

in a separated, non-hemolyzed sample, serum glucose is stable for?
a) 8 hours at 4C and 72 hours at 25C
b) 8 hours at 22C and 72 hours at 4C
c) 8-72 hours at 22C
d) 8 hours at 25C and 72hrs at 4C

A

d) 8 hours at 25C and 72hrs at 4C

20
Q

non separated whole blood glucose may decrease by how much an hour?
a) 6%
b) 7%
c) 8%
d) 9%
e) it does not decrease as long as you put it in 4C

A

b) 7%

21
Q

glycolysis is inhibited by ______ because it chelates _______
a) sodium fluoride;calcium
b) sodium citrate; magnesium
c) sodium fluoride; magnesium
d) sodium citrate; calcium

A

c) sodium fluoride; magnesium

22
Q

which of the following is true regarding capillary and arterial blood specimens?
a) capillary and arterial blood have slightly lower glucose [], more easily affected by recent food, and higher oxygen [] that may affect enzyme tests
b) capillary and arterial blood have slightly higher glucose [], more easily affected by recent food, and higher oxygen [] that may affect enzyme tests
c) capillary and arterial blood have slightly higher glucose [], less easily affected by recent food, and lower oxygen [] that may affect enzyme tests
d) capillary and arterial blood have slightly lower glucose [], less easily affected by recent food, and lower oxygen [] that may affect enzyme tests

A

b) capillary and arterial blood have slightly higher glucose [], more easily affected by recent food, and higher oxygen [] that may affect enzyme tests

23
Q

which of the following is true about newborn and infant glucose levels?
a) critical glucose value depends on their age
b) have lower blood sugar
c) may be transient and asymptomatic and may be due to mothers diabetic state
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above

24
Q

which of the following is false regarding HgbA1C?
a) A1C is formed when glucose in blood binds irreversibly & spontaneously to hgbA
b) once the sugar binds to Hgb, it is able to detach if the body needs it
c) not recommended as the sole diagnostic tool, but good results indicate better all around health
d) diabetics will have a higher target % than non diabetics

A

b) once the sugar binds to Hgb, it is able to detach if the body needs it

once it binds it stays for the entirety of the RBC life!

25
Q

which of the following is true regarding fructosamine?
a) rarely used in the diagnoses of diabetes
b) rarely done, can measure short term out of control situations for those with unusual Hgb
c) more sensitive to short term fluctuations due to albumin half life (3 weeks)
d) uses serum proteins which glucose attaches to form ketoamines within albumin
e) all of the above are true

A

e) all of the above are true

26
Q

which of the following is false regarding albumin
a) albumin to creatinine ratio should be a comparable amount in the urine, should not fluctuate
b) dipsticks are reliable enough to measure early proteinuria
c) there should be less than 30mg/day of albumin in your urine
d) albuminuria is albumin in the urine

A

b) dipsticks are not sensetive enough to measure early proteinuria, if you do then it must be a significant amount

27
Q

which of the following would not be a keto acid?
a) acetate
b) B-hydroxybutyrate
c) acetoacetate
d) all are keto acids

A

a) acetone, not acetate

28
Q

T/F ketones measures on a dipstick measure all forms of keto acids

A

F, does not measure B-hydroxybutryate so a neg does not mean no ketones

29
Q

which of the following is true regarding lactate acidosis?
a) type A - associated with decreased tissue oxygen
b) type B - called metabolic and associated with DM, liver disease, drugs
c) type A - called metabolic and associated with DM, liver disease, drugs
d) type B - associated with decreased tissue oxygen
e) more than 1 of these above are true

A

e) both a and b are true

30
Q

which of the following is not a consideration to take with a lactate sample?
a) fasting and at rest for 2 hours
b) must not use tourniquet
c) must use venous blood
d) deliver on ice
e) can use NaFl tube

A

c) arterial blood is preferred is possible to get

31
Q

what is an inborn error of metabolism?

A

deficiency of enzyme participating in carbohydrate metabolism

32
Q

most inborn errors of metabolism are:
a) autosomal dominant
b) autosomal recessive
c) sex linked dominant
d) sex linked recessive

A

b) autosomal recessive

33
Q

when you have inborn erros of metabolism, sugar may sometimes show up in the urine. how might you test for this?

A

testing for reducing substance tests that will determine which sugar is present when coupled with an enzymatic method for glucose

34
Q

what is malabsorption syndrome?

A

disorders in which the small intestine cannot absorb enough nutrients

35
Q

T/F you can use urine test to diagnose DM

A

F, only used as a screen for DM

36
Q

which of the following is false regarding semi-quant methods for urine?
a) bleach is an oxidizer that causes false negatives
b) bleach is an oxidizer that causes false negatives
c) large quantities of reducing substances such as ketones may cause false positives
d) large quantities of reducing substances such as ketones may cause false negatives
e) more than 1 is false

A

a) and c) is false

b) and d) is true

37
Q

you have a patient urine sample that you ran, and their history indicates that they took an aspirin a day. what might you expect on a urine dip stick?

A

false negatives due to the large quantity of reducing substances

38
Q

what is POCT?

A

point of care testing, done closer to the patient, or even by themselves

39
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of bedside glucose monitoring?

A

A: immediate results, less blood used, repeats can be done quicky, hypoglycemia detected faster

D: less accurate results, more difficult to see trending of results, more time training + QC issues, results may never reach lab

40
Q

T/F POCT can be used to diagnose patients if they perform the tests for an extended period of time

A

F, must consult with physician first

41
Q

what is the labs role in POCT?

A
  • involved in training non lab staff
  • perofrm testing
  • write SOPs + instructions
  • maintain and oversee QC+QA
  • maintain test record, lots, expiration date
  • provide validation
  • determine critical limits, repeat criteria
  • evaluate sources of error
42
Q

what are sources of error that lab staff may evaluate for POCT?

A
  • inadequate specimen
  • inaccurate calibration
  • bad strips
  • no maintenance
  • timing
  • inadequate validation

CHEM201 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions