Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Endogenic

A

Heat energy beneath the crust (formed or occurring beneath the surface)

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2
Q

Exogenic

A

Processes driven by energy external to the mantle

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3
Q

Relief

A

Differences in height in a specific location

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4
Q

Geological cycle

A

Natural cycle of recycling of Earth’s minerals over time

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5
Q

Mass wasting

A

Mass movement of eroded material due to gravity

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6
Q

Fluvial transport

A

Majority of sediment globally is transported by water

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7
Q

Glaciers

A

A large, thick mass of ice that stays frozen from one year to the next and has the ability to move

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8
Q

Tides and waves

A

Movement along sea coasts

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9
Q

Eolian transport

A

Movement by wind

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10
Q

Rain shadow effect

A

Result of a mountain casting a rain shadow on one side of the mountain

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11
Q

Drainage basin

A

A topographical region which concentrates water received as precipitation into a series of geographically isolated rivers

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12
Q

Meandering river systems

A

The shortest distance between two points in a straight line

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13
Q

V-shaped valleys

A

The river cuts down and deepens its valley, the river widens its valley as it depends, the river continues to widen its valley.

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14
Q

Estuaries

A

Places of transition from land to sea (where freshwater meets saltwater)

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15
Q

Deltas

A

freshwater landforms created when a fast-moving body of water, such as a river, flows into a comparatively still body of water, such as a lake or ocean

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16
Q

Alluvial fans

A

When deposition zones occur inland away from oceans

17
Q

Drainage divide

A

Movement of water from an elevated region is isolated by regions of elevation

18
Q

Dissolved load

A

Particle size groups: generally too small to see, dissolved into the water

19
Q

Suspended load

A

Particle size groups: suspended in the water, large enough to be visible but still very small

20
Q

Bed load

A

Particle size groups: largest size, rolling/sliding along the bed

21
Q

Oxbow lakes

A

a U-shaped lake or pool that forms when a wide meander of a river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water

22
Q

Meander scars

A

a geological feature formed by the remnants of a meandering water channel

23
Q

U-shaped valley

A

Glacier movement leaves behind a characteristic shape in the environment

24
Q

Glacial till

A

As the glacier melts, it leaves behind characteristic sediment deposits

25
Drop stones
Isolated stones dropped from floating glaciers as they melt (evidence for ancient glacier presence)
26
Erosional coasts
Wave energy erodes existing terrestrial landform (beaches formed from eroding land)
27
Depositional coasts
Deposition and reworking of existing sediments by wave action is the most important driver of beach shape (sediments can consist of former marine life)
28
Desert pavement
A surface layer of closely packed or cemented pebbles, rock fragments etc
29
Sand dune
A mound of sand formed by the wind, usually along the beach or in a desert
30
Bolide impact
The impact of an extraterrestrial body on the surface of the earth
31
Shocked quartz
When quartz is subject to intense pressure and temperature, crystal structure changes (forms stress lines)
32
Shatter cones
Geological features that are only naturally found in the bedrock beneath bolide impact sites Forms when underlying bedrock is exposed to extreme temperature and pressure