Lecture 12

Question 1

Speciation

Answer 1

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

Question 2

Allopatric

Answer 2

Species in geographic isolation

Question 3

Parapatric

Answer 3

Species with ranges directly adjacent to each other (ranges overlap slightly)

Question 4

Sympatric

Answer 4

Species existing in the same geographic location

Question 5

Hybrid speciation

Answer 5

a form of speciation where hybridization between two different species leads to a new species, reproductively isolated from the parent species

Question 6

Gene flow

Answer 6

aka migration

is any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another

Question 7

Natural selection

Answer 7

the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
-broad changes in phenotypes in response to environmental conditions

Question 8

Mutation

Answer 8

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

Question 9

Genetic drift

Answer 9

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

A set of genes in DNA responsible for physiological components (traits / characteristics)

Question 11

Phenotype

Answer 11

Physical appearance of an organism

Question 12

Reproductive isolation

Answer 12

a quantitative measure of the effect of genetic differences on gene flow