Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of knowledge of the GIT

A

Influential for food/nutrient utilization.

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2
Q

Functions of Organs, Glands, & Specialized Structures of the GIT system

A

Procurement, chewing, & swallowing.
Digestion/absorption of nutrients.
Secretory/excretory functions.

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3
Q

Ultimate Goals of GIT

A

Efficient assimilation of nutrients.
Rejection of harmful constituents.

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4
Q

Digestion definition

A

Preparation of food for absorption.

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5
Q

Mechanical forces of digestion

A

Mastication, swallowing, peristalsis.

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6
Q

Chemical forces of digestion

A

Hydrochloric acid, microorganisms, bile.

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7
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing, breaking down, coating with saliva.

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8
Q

Peristalsis

A

Muscular contraction of intestines.

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9
Q

Processes of absorption

A

Passage of small molecules from GIT to blood/lymph.

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10
Q

Considerations if absorption

A

Variation in structure/function.
Symbiotic microorganisms.

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11
Q

Carnivores - Non-ruminants

A

-Primarily non-plant material.
-Concentrated, highly digestible diet.

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12
Q

Carnivores - GIT

A

Gastric stomach.
Short, uncomplicated intestine.
Hind gut fermenters.

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13
Q

Examples of Carnivores

A

Dogs & cats

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14
Q

Non-ruminants - Omnivores

A

Plant/animal protein diet.
Modified GIT for plant tissue utilization.

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15
Q

Examples of Omnivores

A

Pigs & rats

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16
Q

Herbivores diet:

A

Fibrous plant material.

17
Q

Examples of herbivores

A

Cows, horses

18
Q

Important differences of herbivores

A

All ruminants are herbivores, not vice versa.

19
Q

Mouth & Associated Structures of Non-ruminant species

A

Used for grasping/masticating food.
Saliva aids in digestion.

20
Q

Saliva

A

Breaks down starch.
Cleans mouth, fights microorganisms.

21
Q

Esophagus function

A

Transports bolus to GIT.

22
Q

Stomach (Non-Ruminant) shape/size

A

Varies by species.

23
Q

Stomach (Non-Ruminant) Non-glandular region

A

entry site for esophagus. No digestive secretion/absorption

24
Q

Stomach (Non-Ruminant) Glandular regions

A

Cardia: Mucus production.
Fundus: Rugae, gastric pits, various cells.
Pylorus

25
Q

Digestive Process

A

-Presence of food triggers HCL and enzyme secretion.
-Mucin prevents self-digestion.
-Forms chyme.

26
Q

Small intestines:

A

Primary Site for Enzymatic Digestion
Villi for absorption.

27
Q

Sections of small intestines

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum.

28
Q

Duodenum

A

Neutralizes chyme (6.8-7) with bile salts.
Pancreatic enzyme secretion. Protein, carb, and fat digestion

29
Q

Jejunum & Ileum

A

Primary sites for nutrient absorption.

30
Q

Large Intestine is the Primary Site for Microbial Digestion

A

Absorption of water and organic compounds.
Elimination of undigestible components.

31
Q

Large Intestine Sections:

A

Cecum, Colon, Rectum.

32
Q

The avian species have no teeth

A

Beak/claws reduce food size.
Swallowed feed goes to crop.

33
Q

The stomach is replaced by what in avian species?

A

Crop, Proventriculus, Gizzard.

34
Q

The crop:

A

Temporary storage.
Great capacity for expansion.

35
Q

Proventriculus:

A

Gastric secretions produced.

36
Q

Gizzard

A

Muscular grinding.

37
Q

Small Intestines of avain’s

A

Enzymes, acidic pH, water absorption.

38
Q

Cloaca

A

Single duct for urine & feces.