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bio 180 exam 2 > lecture 5 > Flashcards

lecture 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who proposed the main models of Diversity of Life that changed over time?

A

Darwin

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2
Q

What is the difference between Typological Theory and Theory of Evolution?

A

Typological Theory- unchanging+variations do not matter
Theory of Evolution-changing + variations matter

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3
Q

**what evolves ?

A

populations evolve, individuals do not

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4
Q

What 2 discoveries help demonstrate the vast changes through time? How?

A

fossil record and sedimentary rocks

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5
Q

What did these lead to the creation of?

A

geological time scale

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6
Q

extinct

A

no longer exists

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7
Q

Transitional Features

A

transitional are changing traits

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8
Q

vestigial Traits

A

no longer have function

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9
Q

homologies

A

similar traits amongst species due to having a common ancestor

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10
Q

Homology can be studied at what 3 levels?

A
  1. genetic
  2. developmental
  3. structural
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11
Q

what were Darwins 4 postulates?

A
  1. variations exist
  2. heritability
    3.survival+reproduce success vary
  3. best traits that increase survival or reproductions get passed down
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12
Q

fitness

A

ability to produce surviving fertile offspring

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13
Q

adaptation

A

a trait that increases fitness

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14
Q

selection

A

best traits passed onto next generations

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15
Q

What are 3 common misconceptions about evolution…and what is the reality?

A
  1. does not change individuals
  2. it it not goal oriented
  3. does not create perfection
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16
Q

What is the source behind evolution (aka where is variation occurring)?

A

alleles

17
Q

What are the 4 processes that drive changes in allele frequencies

A
  1. natural selection- best traits passed down
  2. genetic drift- chance event kills or prevents reproduction of part of population
  3. gene flow- organisms leave or enter population
  4. mutations- adds new alleles or traits
18
Q

How does Natural Selection affect allele frequencies?

A

alleles that contribute to reproductive success get passed on

19
Q

How does genetic drift affect allele frequencies?

A

causes allele frequencies to change randomly, especially in small populations

20
Q

How does gene flow affect allele frequencies?

A

individuals leave one population enter another and breed

21
Q

How does mutations affect allele frequencies?

A

continually creating new alleles

22
Q

How does the Hardy-Weinberg Principle become useful in all of this?

A

gave us ways to analyze these allele frequencies + genotype frequencies

bio 180 exam 2 (4 decks)

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