lecture 5

Question 1

Who proposed the main models of Diversity of Life that changed over time?

Answer 1

Darwin

Question 2

What is the difference between Typological Theory and Theory of Evolution?

Answer 2

Typological Theory- unchanging+variations do not matter
Theory of Evolution-changing + variations matter

Question 3

**what evolves ?

Answer 3

populations evolve, individuals do not

Question 4

What 2 discoveries help demonstrate the vast changes through time? How?

Answer 4

fossil record and sedimentary rocks

Question 5

What did these lead to the creation of?

Answer 5

geological time scale

Question 6

extinct

Answer 6

no longer exists

Question 7

Transitional Features

Answer 7

transitional are changing traits

Question 8

vestigial Traits

Answer 8

no longer have function

Question 9

homologies

Answer 9

similar traits amongst species due to having a common ancestor

Question 10

Homology can be studied at what 3 levels?

Answer 10

1. genetic
2. developmental
3. structural

Question 11

what were Darwins 4 postulates?

Answer 11

1. variations exist
2. heritability
   3.survival+reproduce success vary
3. best traits that increase survival or reproductions get passed down

Question 12

fitness

Answer 12

ability to produce surviving fertile offspring

Question 13

adaptation

Answer 13

a trait that increases fitness

Question 14

selection

Answer 14

best traits passed onto next generations

Question 15

What are 3 common misconceptions about evolution…and what is the reality?

Answer 15

1. does not change individuals
2. it it not goal oriented
3. does not create perfection

Question 16

What is the source behind evolution (aka where is variation occurring)?

Answer 16

alleles

Question 17

What are the 4 processes that drive changes in allele frequencies

Answer 17

1. natural selection- best traits passed down
2. genetic drift- chance event kills or prevents reproduction of part of population
3. gene flow- organisms leave or enter population
4. mutations- adds new alleles or traits

Question 18

How does Natural Selection affect allele frequencies?

Answer 18

alleles that contribute to reproductive success get passed on

Question 19

How does genetic drift affect allele frequencies?

Answer 19

causes allele frequencies to change randomly, especially in small populations

Question 20

How does gene flow affect allele frequencies?

Answer 20

individuals leave one population enter another and breed

Question 21

How does mutations affect allele frequencies?

Answer 21

continually creating new alleles

Question 22

How does the Hardy-Weinberg Principle become useful in all of this?

Answer 22

gave us ways to analyze these allele frequencies + genotype frequencies