lecture 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

recombinant dna technology

A

copy, clone and manipulate RNA

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2
Q

purpose of restriction enzymes

A

cut dna

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3
Q

purpose of dna coning vectors

A

accept dna

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4
Q

molecular cloning steps

A
  1. isolate and purify target gene
  2. cut vector
  3. ligate/ glue gene into vector
  4. put vector/ gene into bacteria
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5
Q

properties of cloning vector:

should be fairly small dna molecules why?

A

get into bacteria

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6
Q

properties of cloning vector:

should have an origin of replication why?

A

make copies

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7
Q

properties of cloning vector:

should have at least one selectable marker
example
why

A

-color change or antibiotic resistance
-detection

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8
Q

properties of cloning vector:

should have at least one unique endonuclease recognition site
why

A

allow you to cut open vector

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9
Q

Colin bacteriocin gene removed! why

A

b/c would kill the bacteria

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10
Q

multi copy plasmids

A

bacteria can make many copies

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11
Q

Cut Vector and Gene of Interest with same restriction enzyme
* What must you keep in mind when doing this?

A
  1. only cut vector once
  2. never cut critical genes
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12
Q

Combine Vector and Insert with what enzyme to join ends?

A

ligase gives

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13
Q

What techniques are used to detect insert?

A
  1. run a dna gel
  2. insertional inactivation
  3. reporter genes
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14
Q

reporter

A

color change

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15
Q

since lambda is bacteriophage what does that tell us

A

that it infects bacteria

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16
Q

***Tumor-inducing

A

argrobacterium tumerfactons
(bacteria that infects plans)

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17
Q

tumor-inducing purpose

A

GMO/crop modification

18
Q

nucleases do what?

A

cut dna

19
Q

exonucleases

A

cuts ends

20
Q

endonucleases

A

cuts within

21
Q

isoschizomers

A

cuts some sequenced at same spot

22
Q

neoschizomers

A

cuts some DNA sequence at diff spots

23
Q

Means of Bacterial Gene Transfer to get the new DNA into a cell

A

transformaton- uptake of naked dna
transduction- use a virus
conjugation- bacteria sex

24
Q

pct stands for ??

A

polymerase chain reaction

25
Q

purpose of pcr

A

amplifies dna

26
Q

pcr requires

A
  1. dna template
    2.forward+reverse primers
  2. tog polymerase
    4.dnTR
    5.MG (co factor activates polymerase)
  3. pcr inactive
27
Q

each pcr has 3 steps

A
  1. denature- opens dna
  2. anneal-primers bind target gene
  3. extend-polymerase makes copy of dna
28
Q

Genomics

A

study dna of organisms

29
Q

Transcriptomics

A

study rna

30
Q

Proteomics

A

study proteins

31
Q

Systems biology

A

study big picture of body

32
Q

what does development mean?

A

process of single cell to multi cell

33
Q

how does a zygote differ from an embryo?

A

zygote-single cell
embryo- multi cell

34
Q

what is the significance of blastocyst?

A

outer layer comes placenta

35
Q

**apoptosis

A

programmed all death

36
Q

what are major body axes?

A

anterior/posterior
ventral/dorsal
left/right

37
Q

what molecules set up these body axes?

A

morphogens

38
Q

homeosis

A

body parts in wrong place

39
Q

homeosis:
mutations in which genes?

A

-hox-genes in animals that code for body part. location in plants
-mad genes in plants

40
Q

Changes in Developmental Gene Expression drive Evolution how??

A

creates biodiversity

41
Q

evo-devo

A

study how development mutations can drive evolution