Lecture 5

Question 1

How do internet and web function:

Answer 1

1) packet switching and TCP-IP and IP adress
2) client server model
3) internet cloud computing model

Question 2

How internet communication works - Packet switching

Answer 2

Method of slicing digital messages into packets (of a fixed size)

To be sent along different communication paths as these become available and

Reassembling the packets once they arrive at destination

Question 3

The TCP-IP protocol has four layers

Answer 3

1) Application layer to exchange data between software applications

2) Transport layer to connnect internet to a software application

3) Internet layer to address packages and routing messages across internet

4) Network interface layer to place packages on and receiving packages from internet

Question 4

IP adress

Answer 4

Every device connected to the internet must have a unique adress number called an internet protocol adress

Question 5

Domain names

Answer 5

The domain names system allows expressions such as peasoned.com to stand for numeric IP locations

Question 6

DNS server

Answer 6

DNS servers are databases that keep track of IP adresses and domain names on the internet

Question 7

Root server:

Answer 7

Root servers are central directories taht list all domain names currently in use for specific domains; for example, the .com root server. DNS servers consult root servers to look up unfamiliar domain names when routing t raffic

Question 8

IPv4

Answer 8

uses 32 bits to identify an address –> 2^32 = 4284967296 different IP addresses

Question 9

Domain name

Answer 9

IP address expressed in natural language (not binary or decimal)

Domain name system (DNS) allows numeric IP addresses to be expressed in natural language

Uniform resource locator (URL)

Question 10

Thick clients

Answer 10

Have their own (internal) computing power and storage for data and software

May also use cloud computing to store some data on/use some software from servers

Question 11

Thin clients

Answer 11

use (cloud) servers (local and/or wide area networks) for computing and storage of data and software

Question 12

Cloud computing

Answer 12

Clients obtain shared and standardized services over internet from various servers

Question 13

Businesses (and consumers) need to know…

Answer 13

Where are my data
-In my device
-In my local network
-In the cloud

Where is my software
Where is my hardware
And is it still secure

Question 14

Cloud computing is

Answer 14

On demand self service (obtain IT only when your business needs it)

Ubiquitous network access (use access anywhere, anytime)
Location independent resource pooling (share IT resources)
Rapid elasticity (increase or decrease IT as needed)
Measured service (pay per use, no need to invest)

Question 15

Cloud computing offers firms to focus on

Answer 15

Using IT instead of
Buying and managing IT

Question 16

Public cloud

Answer 16

Third party service offering computing, storage, and software services to multiple consumers

Question 17

Private cloud

Answer 17

Cloud infrastructure operated soley from a single organization and hosted either internally or externally

Question 18

Hybrid cloud

Answer 18

Combination of private and public cloud services that remain separate entities

Question 19

Internet backbone

Answer 19

High-bandwidth fiber-optic cable networks
Private networks owned by a variety of NSPs
Bandwidth
Build in redundancy

Question 20

Internet exchange points (IXPs)

Answer 20

Hubs where backbones intersect with regional and local networks, and backbone owners connect with one another

Question 21

Tier 3 internet service providers (ISPs)

Answer 21

Provide end users (homes, businessess) connection to the internet and internet services

Question 22

Internet of things

Answer 22

Use of the internet to connect a wide variety of devices, machines and sensors

Use existing technologies such as RFID (bank cards)

Fitbits, smart fridge, smart weight scales etc.)

smart TVs

Smart cars

Question 23

Limitations of the current internet

Answer 23

Bandwidth limitations

quality of service limitations

Latency

Best effort QOS (no guaranteed delivery time of packages)

Network architecture limitations

Network performances low if many ask 1 service

First mile (server slide) - last mile (client side) congestions

Language development limitations

HTML (not really for rich texts, pictures, etc)

Wired internet limitations

Question 24

Who governs the internet

Answer 24

ORganizations that influence the internet and monitor its operations include

Internet architecture board (IAB)

Internet corporation for assigned names and numbers (ICANN)

Internet engineering steering group (IESG)

Internet engineering task force (IETF)

Internet society (ISOC)

World wide web consortium (W3C)