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MGM Exam 2 (C) > Lecture 43: Triglycerides and Complex Lipids > Flashcards

Lecture 43: Triglycerides and Complex Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

The synthesis of phosphatidyl lipids requires attachment of an intermediate to

A

CDP

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2
Q

Gaucher disease can be treated by administration of

A

Glucocerebrosidase

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3
Q

What is another name for triglyceride?

A

triacyl glycerol

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4
Q

How do you synthesize triglycerides?

A

Two fatty acids are transferred from fatty acyl coenzyme A to glycerol 3 phosphate to make a phosphatidic acid.

phosphate group is hydrolyzed

third fatty acyl group is added

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5
Q

How do you make glycerol 3 phosphate?

A

adipocytes: reduction of glycolytic intermediate (dihydroxyacetone phosphate) using NADH as a coenzyme
liver: glycerol can be phosphorylated by glycerol kinase

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6
Q

T/F: Everything you need for lipid synthesis can be obtained using carbohydrate synthesis.

A

TRUE.

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7
Q

What are phosphatidyl compounds?

A

They consist of a phosphatidyl group attached to a polar head group (i.e. alcohol).

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8
Q

What are the two groups of phosphotidyl compounds that can be activated by CDP?

A

diacylglycerol group

head group

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9
Q

What is another name for phosphatidyl choline?

A

lecithin

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10
Q

What is special about lecithin?

A

In its formation, it has an intermediate formation of CDP choline.

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11
Q

What is diacylglycerol involved in?

A
  1. synthesis of phosphotidyl molecules

2. synthesis/ breakdown of triglycerides

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12
Q

What do phospholipases do?

A

They selectively hydrolyze specific ester linkages on phosphotidyl compounds.

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13
Q

What are two important phospholipases?

A

Phospholipase A2

Phospholipase C

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14
Q

What is the importance of phospholipase A2?

A

It acts on phosphotidyllinositol and releases arachidonic acid which is an important precursor of prostaglandins.

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15
Q

What is the importance of phospholipase C?

A

It is activated by the PIP2 system and plays a role in producing second messengers.

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16
Q

What are sphingolipids?

A

They are fatty acid derivatives of sphingosine

17
Q

What two molecules is sphingosine synthesized from?

A

palmitoyl coenzyme A

serine

18
Q

How do you form a ceramide from sphingosine?

A

Acylate with a fatty acid transferred from fatty acyl coenzyme A

19
Q

What does the addition of phosphatidylcholine to ceramide yield?

What if you add sugars?

A

sphingomyelin

cerebrosides and globosides

20
Q

What are gangliosides?

A

They are glycolipids that contain sialic acid.

21
Q

T/F: Lysgeric acid is the most common monounsaturated acid in the body

A

FALSE.

Oleic acid is the most common monounsaturated acid in the body.

22
Q

Where are sphingolipids commonly found?

A

Cell membrane and particularly in nerve tissue

23
Q

What generally causes neurological impairment diseases (associated with sphingolipids) like Tay-Sachs?

A

There are hereditary defects in the enzymes that degrade these sphingolipids and that results in their accumulation

24
Q

What causes Tay-Sachs disease?

A

There is a deficiency of the beta hexosaminidase A which causes the accumulation of gangliosides.

25
Q

What are some symptoms of Tay-Sachs disease?

A

blindness
muscular weakness
seizures
rapid neurodegeneration

26
Q

Which disease in the most common genetic diseaseamong the Ashkenazi Jews?

A

Gaucher disease Type 1

27
Q

What is the molecular basis of Gaucher disease?

A

It is caused by a an accumulation glucocerebrosides.

It can be treated by injecting glucocerebrosidase

28
Q

What are common symptoms of Gaucher disease?

A

The patients are intellectually okay but they have an enlarged spleen/ liver.

29
Q

What causes the Newmann-Pick disease?

A

A deficiency in sphingomyelanase

30
Q

What is there an accumulation of in Newmann- Pick disease?

A

sphingomyelin

31
Q

What are there accumulations of in metachromatic leukodystrophy and Fabry disease, respectively?

A

sulfatides and globosides

MGM Exam 2 (C) (11 decks)

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