Lecture 31: Multifactorial Diseases

Question 1

What does the thrombomodulin- thrombin complex do?

Answer 1

It cleaves protein C to activate it

Question 2

What does Protein C do?

Answer 2

It inactivates Factors V and VIII

Question 3

What is the thrombomodulin- thrombin complex?

Answer 3

It is a membrane bound protein that is found on the inner surface of endothelial cells that protrudes into the blood space. It binds thrombin.

Question 4

What are two mutations that cause an increased genetic risk for DVT?

Answer 4

1. Factor V Leiden (G - A causes ARG to GLN substitution in protein which causes the protein C to be unable to destroy it)
2. Prothrombin (G - A in 3’ UTR results in overly stable mRNA)

Question 5

True/ False: Factor V Leiden and prothrombin are functional polymorphisms.

Answer 5

True.

Question 6

What is leptin?

Answer 6

Leptin is a hormone that is produced by fat cells (adipocyte) when fat stores increase.

Question 7

What is the effect of leptin on the adipose tissues?

Answer 7

Increase triglyceride oxidation
increase uncoupling protein synthesis
Decrease fatty acid synthesis

Question 8

What is the effect of leptin on skeletal muscle?

Answer 8

increase glucose uptake

increase glucose oxidation

Question 9

What is the effect of leptin on the hypothalamus?

Answer 9

increase physical activity and energy expenditure

decrease apetite

Question 10

T/F: Diabetes and hypertension are environmental risk factors towards people who are genetically predisposed to the other.

Answer 10

False. Diabetes and Obesity. Each disease is an environmental risk factor towards people genetically predisposed to the other.