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EnviSci > Lecture 4: Water Environment > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Water Environment Flashcards

1
Q

The continuous movement of
water from the earth to the atmosphere and back to the
earth.

A

Water Cycle

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2
Q

The water cycle is also known as the _________

A

Hydrological Cycle

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3
Q

The _____ provides energy for the water cycle

A

Sun

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4
Q

What are the water cycle spheres?

A

Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere

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5
Q

Water moves from the earth to the
atmosphere through the processes
of _________ and _____________.

A

evaporation, transpiration

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6
Q

is the transformation of water from its liquid form to its
gaseous form as a result of coming
in contact with heat or the air.

A

Evaporation

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7
Q

is the process of plants releasing water through their leaves

A

Transpiration

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8
Q

Air that holds moisture until it
falls as precipitation.

A

Atmosphere

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9
Q

is the moisture from the atmosphere that is returned to the earth in the form of snow or rain.

A

Precipitation

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10
Q

Includes all plant and animal life
which are consumers of water.

A

Biosphere

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11
Q

Land where water falls as precipitation

A

Lithosphere

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12
Q

Water, in its purest form, is _____, _____, and _____

A

tasteless, odorless, colorless

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13
Q

It is a chemical compound made
up of two atoms of hydrogen
and one atom of oxygen.

A

Water

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14
Q

Chemical Symbol of water

A

H2O

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15
Q

Solid form of water

A

Ice

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16
Q

Gaseous form of water

A

water vapor or steam

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17
Q

water that contains salt

A

saline water

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18
Q

_____, _____, and ____ can raise the level of salts in the water

A

sodium chloride, potassium, magnesium

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19
Q

Categories of saline water

A

freshwater, saltwater, brackish water

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20
Q

Water with less than 3 ppt of salt

A

freshwater

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21
Q

ppt

A

parts per thousand

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22
Q

what percent of water on earth is considered freshwater?

A

3%

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23
Q

water with 16.5 ppt or more of salt

A

saltwater

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24
Q

Some ocean and sea water is as high as ___ to ___ ppt.

A

33 to 37

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25
Q

saltwater makes up about ____ percent of the earth’s water

A

97%

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26
Q

a mixture of saltwater and freshwater

A

brackish water

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27
Q

is found where freshwater flows into the ocean or other bodies of saltwater.

A

Brackish water

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28
Q

is the area where a freshwater stream flows into the ocean or a saltwater lake

A

estuary

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29
Q

two main ways that salt water and contaminated water can be turned into usable water

A

distillation and desalination

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30
Q

is the boiling of water and collection of its vapor

A

Distillation

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31
Q

Is the removal of salt from water

A

desalination

32
Q

one of the most important parts of the water cycle

A

stream

33
Q

are flowing bodies of water that are useful resources for irrigation, factories, and local water systems

A

streams

34
Q

Most streams are freshwater and they can flow through a ___ or ____ channel

A

natural or man-made

35
Q

Stream type is determined by the ____ and _____ of the movement of water, or _____

A

volume, velocity, streamflow

36
Q

Four types of streams

A

rivers, creeks, brooks, canals

37
Q

the rate of flow in a stream

A

current

38
Q

the largest stream

A

river

39
Q

have high streamflows

A

river

40
Q

a stream that is smaller than a river

A

creek

41
Q

a small stream

A

brook

42
Q

an artificial waterway built for transportation, to relieve flooding, or to divert the flow of water

A

canal

43
Q

the study of flowing water and its environment

A

Stream Hydrology

44
Q

a stream is an important part of ____ or ____

A

watershed or catchment

45
Q

the edge of a watershed is known ad a ______

A

drainage divide

46
Q

Determines how water moves within the stream and through the earth

A

stream structure

47
Q

the area through which water flows in a stream is called a ______

A

channel

48
Q

is usually formed with rock or soil and it is the sides and bottom of the stream

A

channel

49
Q

the bottom of the channel is called the _____, the sides are called the ______

A

stream bed, stream banks

50
Q

When a channel is not large
enough to hold the flow of water
the area that overflows is called
a _______

A

flood plain

51
Q

are bodies of water that influence the weather and climate of an area

A

non-flowing

52
Q

The internal movement is caused by ______ and ______

A

temperature changes, salinity

53
Q

Seven types of non-flowing bodies of water

A

oceans
lakes
ponds
reservoirs
sloughs
marshes
estuaries

54
Q

large bodies of saltwater

A

oceans

55
Q

oceans cover almost ____ percent of the surface of the earth

A

75

56
Q

bodies of freshwater that are surrounded by land

A

Lakes

57
Q

non-flowing bodies of water that are smaller than lakes

A

ponds

58
Q

commonly manmade and used as a source of recreation or for use by livestock

A

ponds

59
Q

large bodies of stored water

A

reservoirs

60
Q

thick, muddy areas of shallow water

A

sloughs

61
Q

areas of land covered with shallow water and plants such as cattails

A

marshes

62
Q

Areas where freshwater streams flow into the ocean or a saltwater lake

A

estuaries

63
Q

is the contamination of the natural environment with harmful substances often as a consequence of human activities

A

water pollution

64
Q

occurs when energy and other materials are released into the water, contaminating the quality of it for other users

A

water pollution

65
Q

is an undesirable change in the state of water, contaminated with harmful substances

A

water pollution

66
Q

second most important environmental issue next to air pollution

A

water pollution

67
Q

the two leading causes of water pollution

A

toxic substances, thermal pollution

68
Q

can be man made; from the by products of chemical compounds and industrial facilities or organic ; matter from sewage or human and animal waste.

A

Toxic substances

69
Q

occurs exclusively due to human activity, the dramatic changes in water temperature from the operations of industrial facilities.

A

Thermal Pollution

70
Q

occurs when rivers, lakes and streams are used as dump.

A

Physical pollution

71
Q

The most common ill effect of water pollution on humans is ______

A

disease

72
Q

Common waterborne diseases

A

typhoid, intestinal parasites, diarrhea

73
Q

The spread of organic wastes in water leads to an increase in algae, certain types of which are toxic.

A

red tide phenomenon

74
Q

Types of water pollution

A

microbiological
chemical
oxygen-depleting substances
nutrients
oil pollution

75
Q

different causes of water pollution

A

marine dumping
industrial waste
sewage
nuclear waste
oil pollution
underground storage leaks

76
Q

is produced from industrial, medical and scientific processes that use radioactive material

A

nuclear waste

77
Q

how many turtles in Australia’s surround water die each year?

A

200 turtles :(

EnviSci (9 decks)

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