Lecture 4: Water Environment Flashcards
The continuous movement of
water from the earth to the atmosphere and back to the
earth.
Water Cycle
The water cycle is also known as the _________
Hydrological Cycle
The _____ provides energy for the water cycle
Sun
What are the water cycle spheres?
Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere
Water moves from the earth to the
atmosphere through the processes
of _________ and _____________.
evaporation, transpiration
is the transformation of water from its liquid form to its
gaseous form as a result of coming
in contact with heat or the air.
Evaporation
is the process of plants releasing water through their leaves
Transpiration
Air that holds moisture until it
falls as precipitation.
Atmosphere
is the moisture from the atmosphere that is returned to the earth in the form of snow or rain.
Precipitation
Includes all plant and animal life
which are consumers of water.
Biosphere
Land where water falls as precipitation
Lithosphere
Water, in its purest form, is _____, _____, and _____
tasteless, odorless, colorless
It is a chemical compound made
up of two atoms of hydrogen
and one atom of oxygen.
Water
Chemical Symbol of water
H2O
Solid form of water
Ice
Gaseous form of water
water vapor or steam
water that contains salt
saline water
_____, _____, and ____ can raise the level of salts in the water
sodium chloride, potassium, magnesium
Categories of saline water
freshwater, saltwater, brackish water
Water with less than 3 ppt of salt
freshwater
ppt
parts per thousand
what percent of water on earth is considered freshwater?
3%
water with 16.5 ppt or more of salt
saltwater
Some ocean and sea water is as high as ___ to ___ ppt.
33 to 37
saltwater makes up about ____ percent of the earth’s water
97%
a mixture of saltwater and freshwater
brackish water
is found where freshwater flows into the ocean or other bodies of saltwater.
Brackish water
is the area where a freshwater stream flows into the ocean or a saltwater lake
estuary
two main ways that salt water and contaminated water can be turned into usable water
distillation and desalination
is the boiling of water and collection of its vapor
Distillation
Is the removal of salt from water
desalination
one of the most important parts of the water cycle
stream
are flowing bodies of water that are useful resources for irrigation, factories, and local water systems
streams
Most streams are freshwater and they can flow through a ___ or ____ channel
natural or man-made
Stream type is determined by the ____ and _____ of the movement of water, or _____
volume, velocity, streamflow
Four types of streams
rivers, creeks, brooks, canals
the rate of flow in a stream
current
the largest stream
river
have high streamflows
river
a stream that is smaller than a river
creek
a small stream
brook
an artificial waterway built for transportation, to relieve flooding, or to divert the flow of water
canal
the study of flowing water and its environment
Stream Hydrology
a stream is an important part of ____ or ____
watershed or catchment
the edge of a watershed is known ad a ______
drainage divide
Determines how water moves within the stream and through the earth
stream structure
the area through which water flows in a stream is called a ______
channel
is usually formed with rock or soil and it is the sides and bottom of the stream
channel
the bottom of the channel is called the _____, the sides are called the ______
stream bed, stream banks
When a channel is not large
enough to hold the flow of water
the area that overflows is called
a _______
flood plain
are bodies of water that influence the weather and climate of an area
non-flowing
The internal movement is caused by ______ and ______
temperature changes, salinity
Seven types of non-flowing bodies of water
oceans
lakes
ponds
reservoirs
sloughs
marshes
estuaries
large bodies of saltwater
oceans
oceans cover almost ____ percent of the surface of the earth
75
bodies of freshwater that are surrounded by land
Lakes
non-flowing bodies of water that are smaller than lakes
ponds
commonly manmade and used as a source of recreation or for use by livestock
ponds
large bodies of stored water
reservoirs
thick, muddy areas of shallow water
sloughs
areas of land covered with shallow water and plants such as cattails
marshes
Areas where freshwater streams flow into the ocean or a saltwater lake
estuaries
is the contamination of the natural environment with harmful substances often as a consequence of human activities
water pollution
occurs when energy and other materials are released into the water, contaminating the quality of it for other users
water pollution
is an undesirable change in the state of water, contaminated with harmful substances
water pollution
second most important environmental issue next to air pollution
water pollution
the two leading causes of water pollution
toxic substances, thermal pollution
can be man made; from the by products of chemical compounds and industrial facilities or organic ; matter from sewage or human and animal waste.
Toxic substances
occurs exclusively due to human activity, the dramatic changes in water temperature from the operations of industrial facilities.
Thermal Pollution
occurs when rivers, lakes and streams are used as dump.
Physical pollution
The most common ill effect of water pollution on humans is ______
disease
Common waterborne diseases
typhoid, intestinal parasites, diarrhea
The spread of organic wastes in water leads to an increase in algae, certain types of which are toxic.
red tide phenomenon
Types of water pollution
microbiological
chemical
oxygen-depleting substances
nutrients
oil pollution
different causes of water pollution
marine dumping
industrial waste
sewage
nuclear waste
oil pollution
underground storage leaks
is produced from industrial, medical and scientific processes that use radioactive material
nuclear waste
how many turtles in Australia’s surround water die each year?
200 turtles :(
