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EnviSci > Lecture 3: Ecosystems > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

Is a natural system consisting of all plants, and microorganisms, which function with all the physical factors of the environment

A

Ecosystem

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2
Q

A community of living components in conjunction with the non-living components interacting as a system

A

Ecosystem

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3
Q

Is a system of living things that interact with each other and with the physical world

A

Ecosystem

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4
Q

is a collection of related ecosystems

A

Biome

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5
Q

Two major forces that link together biotic and abiotic components

A

flow of energy through the ecosystem, cycling of nutrients within the ecosystem

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6
Q

Two types of abiotic components

A

Climatic Factors, Edaphic Factors

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7
Q

Conversion of solar energy into potential energy

A

Production

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8
Q

process of transfer of material and transformation of energy from one level to another through the process of eating and being eaten

A

Consumption

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9
Q

A process in which complex compounds are broken into simpler compounds

A

Decomposition

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10
Q

Major Types of Ecosystem

A

Aquatic Biome, Terrestrial Biome

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11
Q

Ecosystem found in water bodies

A

Aquatic Biome

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12
Q

Ecosystems found everywhere apart from water bodies

A

Terrestrial Biome

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13
Q

Cover about 75% of Earth’s surface

A

Aquatic Biome

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14
Q

Classification of Aquatic Biomes

A

Lentic, Lotic, Wetlands, Oceanic Pelagic

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15
Q

Non-flowing aquatic biomes are categorized as

A

Lentic

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16
Q

Flowing aquatic biomes are categorized as

A

Lotic

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17
Q

Zones below Oceanic Pelagic

A

Abyssal Zones

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18
Q

Nutrient poor, water is clear, oxygen rich; little productivity by algae, relatively deep with little surface area

A

Oligotrophic Lake

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19
Q

Nutrient rich, lost of algal productivity so it’s oxygen poor at times, water is murkier

A

Eutrophic Lake

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20
Q

Includes marshes, bogs, swamps, seasonal ponds. Among richest biomes with respect to biodiversity and productivity

A

Wetlands

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21
Q

Place where freshwater stream merges with the ocean

A

Estuary

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22
Q

Alternately submerged and exposed by daily cycle of tides

A

Intertidal Zone

23
Q

Occur in neritic zones of warm, tropical water, dominated by cnidarians

A

Coral Reefs

24
Q

Occurs in benthic zone; diverse, unusual organisms; energy comes not from the light but from chemicals released from the magma

A

Deep-sea vent

25
Q

Classifications of Terrestrial Biomes

A

Forest, Tropical Evergreen Forest, Grassland, Desert, Tropical Deciduous Forest, Tundra

26
Q

abundance of flora is seen and have a large number of organisms living in relatively small areas

A

Forest

27
Q

receive an average rainfall of 80 to 400 inches in a year

A

Tropical Evergreen Forest

28
Q

found in both temperate and tropical regions of the world. main vegetation is grasses, legumes; very little amount of shrubs and trees

A

Grassland

29
Q

seasonally dry with few individual trees; support large number of grazers and predators

A

Savanna

30
Q

temperate grassland, completely devoid of trees and large shrubs

A

Prairies

31
Q

Occupy around 17% of all land on the planet

A

Desert

32
Q

dense bushes and shrubs rule here along with broad levels of trees

A

Tropical Deciduous Forest

33
Q

enriches earth just south of the ice-covered polar seas in the northern hemisphere

A

Tundra

34
Q

vertical stratification with trees in canopy blocking light to bottom strata

A

Tropical Forest

35
Q

dense, spiny, evergreen shrubs, mild rainy winters; long, hot dry summers. periodic fires, some plants require fire for seeds to germinate

A

Chaparral

36
Q

Marked by seasonal drought and fires, and grazing by large animals

A

Temperate Grassland

37
Q

Mid-latitudes with moderate mounts of moisture, distinct vertical strata

A

Temperate Deciduous Forest

38
Q

Largest terrestrial biome on earth

A

Coniferous Forest

39
Q

permanent frozen ground

A

permafrost

40
Q

has 20% of land surface on earth

A

Tundra

41
Q

the study of the processes that affect the distribution and abundance of animal and plant population

A

population ecology

42
Q

a subset of individuals of one species that occupies a particular geographic area and, in sexually reproducing species, interbreeds

A

Population

43
Q

is the statistical study of populations

A

Demography

44
Q

Factors Affecting Population Fluctuation

A

Density Independent (weather, climate)
Density Dependent (spread of diseases, competition for resources)

45
Q

regional groups of interconnected populations

A

Metapopulation

46
Q

The number of individuals in a population

A

Population Size

47
Q

3 factors affecting population size

A

no. of births, no. of deaths, no. of individuals entering and leaving the popoulation

48
Q

The number of individuals in a given area

A

Population Density

49
Q

the way in which individuals are arranged

A

Dispersion

50
Q

increase or decrease in the number of people that reside n a particular geographical area

A

Population Growth

51
Q

the movement of individuals into an area

A

Immigration

52
Q

the movement of individuals out of an area

A

Emigration

53
Q

occurs when the population’s growth slows or stops following a long period of exponential growth

A

Logistic Growth

54
Q

Structural Components of the Ecosystem

A

Biotic and Abiotic

EnviSci (11 decks)

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