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EnviSci > Lecture 2: Ecology > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the relationship between an organism and its’ environment

A

Ecology

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2
Q

Two factors that make up the environment

A

Biotic Factors and Abiotic Factors

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3
Q

composed of all living organisms inhabiting the Earth

A

Biotic Factors

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4
Q

Non-living parts of the environment

A

Abiotic Factors

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5
Q

Levels of Organization (Smallest to Largest)

A

Organism > Population > Community > Ecosystem > Biosphere

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6
Q

Simplest Levels (Smallest to Largest)

A

Atom > Molecule > Organelles > Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organ System

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7
Q

They have organized the interactions an organism takes part in into different levels according to complexity.

A

Ecologists

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8
Q

Different levels according to complexity wherein organisms interact and take part in.

A

Levels of Organization

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9
Q

An individual living thing that is made of cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops

A

Organism

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10
Q

1st Level of Organization

A

Organism

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11
Q

Any unicellular or multicellular form exhibiting all of the characteristics of life, an individual.

A

Organism

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12
Q

2nd Level of Organization

A

Population

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13
Q

A group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same place at the same time

A

Population

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14
Q

3rd Level of Organization

A

Community

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15
Q

All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time

A

Community

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16
Q

Several interacting populations that inhabit a common environment and are interdependent

A

Community

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17
Q

4th Level of Organization

A

Ecosystem

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18
Q

Populations of plants and animals that interact with each other in a given area with the abiotic components of that area.

A

Ecosystem

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19
Q

5th Level of Organization

A

Biosphere

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20
Q

The portion of Earth that supports life

A

Biosphere

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21
Q

The role a species plays in a community

A

Niche

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22
Q

Total way of life

A

Niche

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23
Q

The place in which an organism lives out its life

A

Habitat

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24
Q

Is determined by the tolerance limitations of an organism, or a limiting factor

A

Niche

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25
Q

Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific environment

A

Limiting Factor

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26
Q

Examples of Limiting Factors

A

Amount of [food, water, space], temperature, availability of mates

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27
Q

3 main types of feeding relationships

A

producer - consumer
predator - prey
parasite - host

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28
Q

all autotrophs, they trap energy from the sun

A

Producer

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29
Q

autotrophs

A

plants

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30
Q

all heterotrophs, they ingest food containing the sun’s energy

A

Consumer

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31
Q

Types of consumers

A

herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, decomposers

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32
Q

Eat plants

A

herbivores

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33
Q

eats meat

A

carnivores

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34
Q

hunt prey animals for food

A

predators

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35
Q

feed on carrion, dead animals

A

scavengers

36
Q

eat both plant and animals

A

omnivores

37
Q

breakdown the complex compounds of dead and decaying plants and animals into simpler molecules that can be absorbed

A

decomposers

38
Q

two species living together

A

symbiosis

39
Q

3 types of symbiosis

A

commensalism, parasitism, mutualism

40
Q

one species benefits and the other is neither harmed or helped

A

Commensalism

41
Q

a plant that grows on another plant upon which depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients

A

Epiphytes

42
Q

Air plant

A

Xerophyte

43
Q

one species benefits and the other is harmed

A

parasitism

44
Q

both species benefit

A

mutualism

45
Q

Each link in a food chain is known as ________

A

Trophic Level

46
Q

represent a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem

A

Trophic Level

47
Q

The amount of organic matter comprising a group of organisms in a habitat

A

biomass

48
Q

As you move up a food chain, both available energy and biomass ___

A

decrease

49
Q

What percentage of energy is transferred to the next trophic level?

A

10%

50
Q

Simple model that shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem

A

Food chain

51
Q

Shows all possible feeding relationships in a community at each trophic level

A

Food web

52
Q

Represents a network of interconnected food chains

A

Food web

53
Q

Movement of chemical elements in a circular pathway, from organisms to physical environment, back to organisms

A

Biogeochemical Cyle

54
Q

What sustains life on earth?

A

Solar energy, cycling of matter, gravity

55
Q

What are the biochemical cycles?

A

Carbon, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Water, Oxygen

56
Q

All living things are made of ____

A

Carbon

57
Q

Carbon is attached to some oxygen in a gas called ______

A

Carbon Dioxide

58
Q

plants that die and are buried may turn into _____ made of carbon like coal and oil over millions of years

A

fossil fuels

59
Q

How much more carbon dioxide are in the air today than there was about 150 years ago?

A

30%

60
Q

The water cycle is also known as

A

hydrological cycle

61
Q

physical processes in the water cycle

A

evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff, subsurface flow

62
Q

The water cycle involves the exchange of ____

A

Heat

63
Q

Reshaping of the geological features of earth are done through the processes such as ____ and _____

A

erosion and sedimentation

64
Q

Continuous cycle of biological, chemical and geological processes by which nitrogen is circulated in the Earth’s environment

A

Nitrogen Cycle

65
Q

Is the most plentiful element in the atmosphere

A

Nitrogen

66
Q

What percent of the atmosphere is nitrogen?

A

78%

67
Q

Process wherein nitrogen is converted into nitrogen-compounds

A

Nitrogen Fixation

68
Q

gaseous compound of nitrogen and hydrogen

A

Ammonia

69
Q

makes up nearly 78%-80% of air

A

Atmospheric Nitrogen (N2)

70
Q

Factors that can convert nitrogen into usable forms

A

Lightning, Bacteria

71
Q

Converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium which can be used to make organic compounds like amino acids

A

Nitrogen Fixation

72
Q

Some live in a symbiotic relationship with plants of the legume familyy

A

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

73
Q

Are essential to maintaining the fertility of semi-aquatic environment like rice paddies

A

Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria

74
Q

is a biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere

A

Phosphorus Cycle

75
Q

Does not play a significant role in the movement of phosphorus

A

Atmosphere

76
Q

Is an essential nutrient for plants and animals in the form of ions PO43- and HPO42-

A

Phosphorus

77
Q

It is a part of DNA molecules that store energy and fats of cell membranes

A

Phosphorus

78
Q

Is the biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of oxygen within its three main reservoirs

A

Oxygen Cycle

79
Q

The global sum of all ecosystems

A

Biosphere

80
Q

the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet

A

hydrosphere

81
Q

Failures in the oxygen cycle within the hydrosphere can result in the development of ____

A

Hypoxic Zones

82
Q

Main driving factor of the oxygen cycle

A

Photosynthesis

83
Q

Is one of the components that make up proteins and vitamins

A

Sulfur

84
Q

SO2

A

Sulfur Dioxide

85
Q

H2S

A

Hydrogen Sulfide

EnviSci (9 decks)

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