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Movement Science Exam 1 > Lecture 4 TMJ > Flashcards

Lecture 4 TMJ Flashcards

1
Q

What bones form the TMJ?

A

The mandible and the temporal bone.

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2
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

A synovial ginglymoarthrodial joint.

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3
Q

What covers the articular surfaces of the TMJ?

A

Fibrocartilage.

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4
Q

What is the function of the articular disc in the TMJ?

A

It stabilizes the joint, reduces friction, and minimizes biomechanical stress.

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5
Q

How many synovial cavities are in the TMJ?

A

Two, separated by the articular disc.

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6
Q

What is the inferior TM joint responsible for?

A

Hinge movements like rolling.

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7
Q

What is the superior TM joint responsible for?

A

Sliding (gliding) movements.

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8
Q

What ligament limits downward and posterior rotation of the mandible?

A

The oblique portion of the TM ligament.

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9
Q

What ligament resists posterior motion of the condyle?

A

The horizontal portion of the TM ligament.

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10
Q

What is the weakest ligament of the TMJ?

A

The stylomandibular ligament.

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11
Q

What ligament may prevent forward translation of the mandible?

A

The sphenomandibular ligament.

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12
Q

What movements occur at the TMJ during depression (mouth opening)?

A

Posterior roll of the mandible and anterior slide of the condyle.

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13
Q

What is the normal range of mouth opening (depression)?

A

40-50 mm.

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14
Q

What muscles are involved in TMJ depression?

A

Digastric, suprahyoids, and the inferior fibers of the lateral pterygoid.

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15
Q

What muscles are involved in TMJ elevation?

A

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, and superior lateral pterygoid.

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16
Q

What muscles perform TMJ protrusion?

A

Bilateral action of the masseter, medial, and lateral pterygoids.

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17
Q

What muscles perform TMJ retrusion?

A

Bilateral action of the temporalis, assisted by the anterior digastric.

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18
Q

What is the normal range for lateral TMJ excursion?

A

8-11 mm.

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19
Q

What causes TMJ deviation?

A

The mandible moves away from midline during depression and stays to one side.

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20
Q

What causes TMJ deflection?

A

The mandible moves away from midline during depression but returns to midline at end range.

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21
Q

What nerve innervates the TMJ muscles?

A

Cranial nerves V (trigeminal), VII (facial), and XII (hypoglossal).

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22
Q

What is maximal intercuspation?

A

When the upper and lower teeth are in maximum contact.

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23
Q

What is freeway space?

A

The normal rest position of the jaw with 1.5-5 mm of space between upper and lower teeth.

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24
Q

What is the effect of forward head posture on TMJ?

A

It decreases freeway space and causes mandibular retraction and malalignment.

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25
What is TMJ bruxism?
Grinding of the teeth, often leading to TMJ dysfunction.
26
What is capsulitis of the TMJ?
Inflammation of the TMJ capsule, often painful with movement.
27
What is TMJ hypermobility?
Excessive opening (>40 mm) and potential dislocation.
28
What is TMJ dislocation?
When the condyle moves out of its normal position and cannot return.
29
What is TMJ disc displacement with reduction?
The disc moves out of place but returns with a reciprocal click during jaw movement.
30
What is TMJ disc displacement without reduction?
The disc remains out of place, causing restricted movement and no clicking.
31
What are common postural abnormalities?
Scoliosis, hyperkyphosis, forward head posture, and swayback.
32
What is the center of mass (COM) in posture?
The point where the body’s mass is concentrated, typically around S2.
33
What is the line of gravity (LoG) in posture?
A vertical line passing through the COM, affecting body balance.
34
What is postural sway?
The natural, slight movement of the body to maintain balance.
35
What is the ankle strategy in postural control?
A method to maintain balance through small adjustments at the ankle.
36
What is the hip strategy in postural control?
A method to maintain balance through larger adjustments at the hip.
37
What is anticipatory postural adjustment (APA)?
Pre-movement muscle activity to maintain balance.
38
What is compensatory postural adjustment (CPA)?
Muscle activity in response to unexpected balance disturbances.
39
What is scoliosis?
A three-dimensional curvature of the spine, named by the direction of convexity.
40
What is hyperkyphosis?
Excessive curvature of the thoracic spine.
41
What is spondylolisthesis?
Anterior slipping of one vertebra over another.
42
What is forward head posture?
Prolonged forward positioning of the head, leading to cervical strain.
43
What is scapular winging?
The scapula sticks out abnormally from the back.
44
What is genu recurvatum?
Hyperextension of the knee beyond 10 degrees.
45
What is genu varum?
Bow-legged posture.
46
What is genu valgum?
Knock-knees.
47
What is pes planus?
Flat feet.
48
What is pes cavus?
High arches.
49
What is the Cobb angle?
A measurement used to quantify the degree of spinal curvature in scoliosis.
50
What is the thoracolumbar fascia?
A connective tissue that supports the spine and provides attachment for muscles.
51
What muscle stabilizes the lumbar spine?
The multifidus.
52
What is the role of the diaphragm in posture?
It assists in core stability and breathing control.
53
What is swayback posture?
Increased lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis with hips pushed forward.
54
What is the role of the soleus in posture?
It acts as a key postural stabilizer, especially at the ankle.
55
What is the center of pressure (CoP)?
The point of application of the ground reaction force.
56
What is ground reaction force (GRF)?
The force exerted by the ground on the body during standing or movement.
57
What is joint reaction force (JRF)?
The force occurring at a joint due to internal and external forces.
58
What is the role of the visual system in posture?
It helps regulate anticipatory postural adjustments.
59
What is the vestibular system’s role in posture?
It responds to changes in head and trunk orientation in space.
60
What is somatosensory feedback in posture?
It provides information about body position and movement from mechanoreceptors.
61
What is the sacral slope?
The angle between the sacral endplate and the horizontal plane.
62
What is pelvic tilt?
The angle between the PSIS and ASIS relative to the horizontal plane.
63
What is the importance of proper sitting posture?
It minimizes stress on the spine and maintains optimal alignment.
64
What are common sitting postures?
Active erect, relaxed erect, slumped, and slouched sitting.
65
What is the postglenoid tubercle?
A bony prominence that helps form the boundary of the mandibular fossa.
66
What bones contribute to the structure of the TMJ besides the mandible and temporal bone?
Maxilla, zygomatic, sphenoid, and hyoid bones.
67
What is the function of the coronoid process of the mandible?
It serves as the attachment site for the temporalis muscle.
68
What is the role of the bilaminar retrodiscal pad in the TMJ?
It provides elasticity for anterior translation and limits posterior movement of the disc.
69
What is the composition of the TMJ articular disc?
Collagen, proteoglycans, and elastin.
70
How does aging affect the TMJ articular disc?
The disc undergoes compositional changes, reducing its ability to remodel or repair.
71
Why is the TMJ considered a ginglymoarthrodial joint?
Because it has both hinge and gliding movement capabilities.
72
What is the significance of fibrocartilage covering the TMJ surfaces?
It withstands repetitive stress and bite forces better than hyaline cartilage.
73
What is the function of the superior lamina in the TMJ?
It allows the disc to translate anteriorly by stretching.
74
What limits forward translation of the TMJ disc?
The inelastic inferior lamina.
75
What is the role of the lateral pterygoid muscle in TMJ movement?
It helps control disc positioning during depression and elevation.
76
What is the function of the sphenomandibular ligament in TMJ movement?
It may prevent forward translation of the mandible.
77
What causes an S-curve deviation during TMJ depression?
Asymmetry in the shape of the condyle heads.
78
What muscles assist with TMJ retrusion?
The temporalis muscle and the anterior digastric.
79
How does the masseter muscle contribute to TMJ function?
It attaches to the anterolateral portion of the disc to stabilize the joint during elevation.
80
What is the functional significance of lateral TMJ excursion?
It allows side-to-side movement for chewing and speaking.
81
What is the typical cause of TMJ disc displacement?
Overstretching of the posterior attachments of the disc.
82
How does the superior lateral pterygoid control disc movement during elevation?
It eccentrically contracts to manage posterior gliding of the condyle.
83
What is the freeway space, and why is it important?
It is the gap between upper and lower teeth at rest, allowing for joint decompression and repair.
84
How does forward head posture affect the TMJ?
It reduces freeway space and causes mandibular retraction and joint misalignment.
85
What are common symptoms of TMJ dysfunction?
Pain with chewing, clicking sounds, limited range of motion, and jaw locking.
86
What are the typical causes of TMJ capsulitis?
Inflammation from trauma, repetitive use, or systemic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
87
What is the function of the omohyoid muscle in relation to the TMJ?
It links the hyoid bone to the scapula and contributes to mandibular positioning.
88
How does tooth alignment affect TMJ mechanics?
Malaligned teeth can alter bite forces and jaw mechanics, contributing to dysfunction.
89
What are anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs)?
Pre-movement muscle activations that help maintain balance.
90
What are compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs)?
Muscle responses that correct balance after a disturbance.
91
What is the primary cause of scoliosis?
Idiopathic factors, though genetic, neuromuscular, and congenital causes also contribute.
92
How is hyperkyphosis typically diagnosed?
Through radiographic imaging and physical examination.
93
What is the role of the visual system in maintaining posture?
It provides critical sensory feedback for balance and alignment.
94
What postural deviations can result from chronic TMJ dysfunction?
Forward head posture and altered cervical spine alignment.
95
What is genu valgum, and how does it affect posture?
Knock knees, which can alter lower limb alignment and affect balance.
96
What is the function of the thoracolumbar fascia in posture?
It supports spinal alignment and serves as a muscle attachment site.
97
How does aging affect postural control?
It can lead to decreased muscle strength, reduced sensory feedback, and increased postural sway.
98
What is pes cavus, and how does it affect posture?
A high-arched foot that can lead to altered weight distribution and balance issues.
99
What is the role of the vestibular system in postural control?
It detects head movements and spatial orientation to help maintain balance.
100
How does the somatosensory system contribute to posture?
It provides feedback from muscles, joints, and skin to help control body position.

Movement Science Exam 1 (8 decks)

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