Lecture 4 Quizlet cards Flashcards
1
Q
Where do the condyles of mandible sit?
A
Mandibular fossa
2
Q
Postglenoid tubercle & articular eminence of temporal surrounds _________ fossa
A
Mandibular/glenoid
3
Q
What are other bones besides mandible & temporal that contribute to structure?
A
- Maxilla
- Zygomatic
- Sphenoid
- Hyoid
4
Q
What 2 structures form the TM joint?
A
- Condyle of mandible
- Articular eminence of temporal
5
Q
What type of joint is TM & what is it covered in?
A
- Synovial
- Fibrocartilage
6
Q
TM is also a __________ joint since articular disc separates it into 2 synovial cavities each w/ distinct movement patterns
A
Ginglymoarthrodial
7
Q
The deeper layers of the dense avascular fibroc collagenous tissue are (parallel/perpendicular) to bony surface to withstand stress & the superficial layers are (parallel/perpendicular) to facilitate sliding of joint
A
- Perpendicular
- Parallel
8
Q
Which facial bone is the largest?
A
Mandible
9
Q
What are the 2 poles on the condyles of mandible referred to as?
A
Medial & lateral
10
Q
Condyles sit (anterior/posterior) to external auditory meatus.
A
Anterior
11
Q
Where on the mandible is the attachment site for temporalis?
A
Coronoid process
12
Q
Mandible interacts w/ _________ by way of teeth.
A
Maxilla
13
Q
Inferior TM joint functions as hinge joint –> rolls __________ during opening.
A
Posterior
14
Q
Superior TM joint functions as plane joint –> slides __________ during opening.
A
Anterior
15
Q
T/F: Articular disc is biconcave & viscoelastic for large, frequent forces.
A
True
16
Q
What are the roles of the articular disc?
A
- Joint stability
- Minimize loss of mobility
- Reduce friction
- Decrease biomechanical stress
17
Q
What are the 3 locations that the articular disc attaches to?
A
- Medial & lateral poles
- Anteriorly: joint capsule & tendon of lateral pterygoid
- Posteriorly: bilaminar retrodiscal pad
18
Q
The articular disc attaching to lateral pterygoid restricts (anterior/posterior) translation.
A
Posterior
19
Q
The articular disc attaching to superior lamina allows disc to translate (anteriorly/posteriorly) by stretching (elastic) & inferior lamina limits forward translation (elastic).
A
Anteriorly
20
Q
What are articular discs made out of?
A
- Collagen
- Proteoglycans
- Elastin
21
Q
T/F: Articular disc can remodel/repair after aging & mechanical stress.
A
False
22
Q
Which part of articular disc has minimal to no vascular or neural supply & attaches to joint capsule anteriorly?
A
Anterior band
23
Q
Which part of articular disc is the thinnest & has no vascular or neural supply & attaches to condyle medial/lateral?
A
Intermediate zone
24
Q
Which part of articular disc is the thickest & has rich innervation & vascular supply from retrodiscal tissue & attaches to retrodiscal tissue which is attached to capsule?
A
Posterior band
25
Where is the capsule thin & loose at?
- Anterior
- Medial
- Posterior
26
T/F: Capsule is highly vascular & innervated.
True
27
What are the 3 ligaments involved?
- TM
- Stylomandibular
- Sphenomandibular
28
Which part of the TM ligament limits downward & posterior motion/rotation of mandible?
Oblique
29
Which part of the TM ligament resists posterior motion of condyle?
Horizontal
30
Which motion does both parts of TM ligament resist?
Lateral displacement
31
Which ligament is the weakest & may limit protrusion of jaw?
Stylomandibular
32
Which ligament may prevent forward translation?
Sphenomandibular
33
What type of motion are these? - Depression - Elevation - Protrusion - Retrusion - L/R lateral excursions
Osteokinematic
34
What is the normal depression ROM?
40-50 mm (2 fingers functional, 3 fingers normal)
35
1st rotation for depression: 11-25 mm --> __________ roll of mandible.
Posterior
36
2nd translation for depression: both condyle & disc anterior & inferior --> anterior __________ of condyle.
Slide
37
Passive control of disc during depression: disc translates along articular eminence, __________ __________ limits translation.
Retrodiscal lamina
38
Active control of disc during depression: no active contraction of __________ lateral pterygoid.
Superior
39
Passive control of disc during elevation: elasticity of superior retrodisc lamina applies traction force posteriorly & __________ ligament.
Sphenomandibular
40
Active control of disc during elevation:
- Superior lateral pterygoid eccentrically contracts to control posterior gliding & rotation of condyle
- __________ attaches to disc to counteract lateral pterygoid
- Temporalis, medial pterygoid & masseter provide constant pressure.
Masseter
41
Protrusion & retrusion occur in the (superior/inferior) portion of joint.
Superior
42
During protrusion, bilateral lamina allows ___-___ mm of stretch.
6-9
43
How many mm is possible in retrusion?
3
44
(Protrusion/retrusion) is important component of mandibular elevation from maximally depressed mandible.
Retrusion
45
What 2 structures limit retrusion?
- TM lig
- Soft tissue in retrodiscal area
46
How many mm is possible in lateral excursion?
8-11
47
Functional screen of lateral excursion includes moving mandible full width of what?
One central incisor
48
In lateral excursion, (ipsi/contra) condyle spins around vertical axis (inferior portion of joint) & (ipsi/contra) condyle translates anteriorly (superior portion of joint).
- Ipsi
- Contra
49
What's the difference b/t deviation & deflection?
- Deviation: stays to L or R
- Deflection: returns to midline @ end range
50
What are the 2 types of deflection?
- S curve
- C curve
51
Which motion are these muscles involved in? - Digastric - Suprahyoids - Lower lateral pterygoid
Depression
52
Which motion are these muscles involved in? - Temporalis - Masseter - Medial pterygoid - Superior lateral pterygoid
Elevation
53
Which motion are these muscles involved in? - Masseter - Medial pterygoid - Lateral pterygoid
Protrusion
54
Which motion are these muscles involved in? - Temporalis - Assist by anterior digastric
Retrusion
55
Lateral deviation involves unilateral contraction of medial & lateral pterygoids pull to (same/opposite) side (ex: R medial & lateral pterygoids will pull to L).
Opposite
56
For lateral deviation, temporalis can pull to same side so temporalis w/ __________ pterygoid can act as a force couple that pulls toward same side.
Lateral
57
Which deep cervical flexor does B neck flexion & uni SB w/ contra rotation?
Longus colli
58
Longus capitus does B neck flexion & uni SB w/ (ipsi/contra) rotation.
Ipsi
59
Forward head posture results in __________ of mandible & malalignment (decreases freeway space).
Retraction
60
What is the term for when teeth are in max contact?
Max intercuspation
61
_________ _________ is normal rest position w/ 1.5-5 mm of space b/t teeth.
Freeway space
62
Capsulitis & synovitis is most commonly caused by what?
RA
63
What is the term for overproduction of connective tissue --> loss of tissue function?
Capsular fibrosis
64
Joint hypermobility is when opening is > ___ mm & deflection of mandible to contra side.
40
65
Which muscle faces hypertrophy, atrophy, or contracture in joint hypermobility?
Lateral pterygoid
66
Dislocation is opening w/ deviation & inability to close due to (anteriorly/posteriorly) translated disc.
Anteriorly
67
Which type of articular disc displacement has reciprocal click during depression & elevation?
W/ reduction
68
Reciprocal click occurs bc condyle is behind disc @ rest but translates anteriorly during which motion?
Depression
69
Second reciprocal click occurs bc condyle translates _________ & slips out from under disc during elevation.
Posteriorly
70
The (sooner/later) the opening click = the more severe dislocation.
Later
71
Which type of articular disc displacement is when posterior attachments are overstretched & unable to relocate during depression?
W/o reduction
72
Describe the BOS & COM when standing.
- BOS: Heels to toes
- COM: S2 level
73
Describe the BOS & COM when sitting.
- BOS: Feet boundaries & chair
- COM: Just below axilla
74
Which system helps regulate APAs?
Vision
75
Which system has feedback w/ regard to surface (mechanoreceptors)?
Somatosensory
76
T/F: Static posture does not include postural sway from gravity & inertia.
False
77
What helps head remain stable even though upper c spine being the most mobile?
Muscle spindles & their direct connection to visual & vestibular
78
Ankle strategy has (proximal/distal) to (proximal/distal) muscle activation patterns.
Distal to proximal
79
Hip strategy has (proximal/distal) to (proximal/distal) muscle activation pattern.
Proximal to distal
80
Most sway is observed in which direction?
AP
81
Which position has reduced postural sway & is more stable?
Sitting
82
APA occurs ~____ ms prior to movement.
100
83
What type of adjustment occurs ~250-300 ms prior to planned movement w/ 2 patterns: maintain motor output predictive of intended task & provide muscle activation that allows for movement disruption?
Anticipatory synergy
84
What force is produced by ground in stance or during gait?
Ground reaction
85
T/F: Joint reaction force is a result of internal forces only.
False
86
What represents a sum of all contact pressures in single point of application?
Center of pressure
87
Where does LoG pass through if no moment is created?
Directly through joint
88
If LoG passes @ a distance from axis of rotation, what occurs?
External moment (rotation) unless opposed by internal moment from passive tension or muscle contraction
89
Where does LoG pass through in sagittal view?
- Anterior to ear or aligned w/ mastoid process
- Anterior to acromion
- Through midline of ilium (b/t ASIS & PSIS)
- Through greater troch
- Slightly anterior to femoral condyle (posterior to patella)
- Anterior to lateral malleoli
90
What is the line drawn from hip axis to midpoint of sacral endplate & line perpendicular to center of sacral endplate?
Pelvic incidence
91
What is the angle created by line drawn parallel to sacral endplate & line from horizontal?
Sacral slope
92
What is the angle b/t horizontal & line drawn b/t PSIS & ASIS?
Pelvic tilt
93
When observing the head, ear should be in line w/ ________, LoG passes anterior to external auditory meatus & is just anterior to C___
- Clavicle
- C2
94
Where does LoG pass in pelvis/hip region?
Anterior to sacrum & posterior to femoral head
95
T/F: Eyes should be angled slightly above ear.
True
96
Where does flexion & extension moment occur at pelvis/hip region?
- Flexion: Sacrum
- Extension: Hip
97
T/F: ASIS is slightly higher than PSIS.
False
98
In the knee, LoG is slightly anterior to condyle & posterior to patella w/ external knee (flexion/extension) moment.
Extension
99
In the ankle, LoG is slightly anterior to lateral malleolus w/ external ankle (plantar/dorsi)flexion moment.
Dorsi
100
Who is the key postural stabilizer near the ankle?
Soleus
101
What are the 4 common sitting postures?
- Active erect
- Relaxed erect
- Slumped
- Slouched
102
Which spinal abnormality is associated w/ vertebral compression fractures?
Hyperkyphosis
103
Which spinal abnormality results in reduction in IV disc heights & hypertrophy of facets?
Spondylosis
104
Forward head posture has craniocervical (flexion/extension), lower cervical (flexion/extension), & forward position of shoulders.
- Extension
- Flexion
105
What abnormalities can be seen in shoulder girdle?
- Scap winging
- Excessive anterior tilt
106
What is the term for increased lumbar lordosis & thoracic kyphosis?
Swayback posture
107
What is genu recurvatum?
Hyperextension of knee greater or equal to 10 degrees
108
Which genu is bow leg? Which is knock knees?
- Bow: Varum
- Knock: Valgus
109
What is the term for when foot is flat or pronated? What about the opposite (supinated or high arch)?
- Flat: Pes planus
- High: Pes cavus
