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Radiology > Lecture 4 thorax > Flashcards

Lecture 4 thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Structure common to all 3 parts of the mediastinum

A

Esophagus

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2
Q

Cranial Third of mediastinum

Dorsal structures

Ventral structures

A

Dorsal structures

  • Seen
    • Trachea
    • +/- esophagus
  • Not Seen
    • Vessels: cranial vena cava, vagosympathetic trunk
    • Cranial mediastinal lymph nodes
    • +/- esophagus

Ventral structures

  • Seen:
    • Mediastinal reflection
    • +/- internal thoracic arteries, veins, thymus
  • Not seen:
    • Sternal lymph nodes
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3
Q

Esophageal gas common in ….. over…..

A

Left later rads over the heart base

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4
Q

Middle mediastinum

Dorsal structures

Ventral structures

A

Dorsal structures

  • Seen
    • Trachea
    • +/- esophagus
  • Not seen
    • +/- esophagus
    • vagus
    • lymphatics
    • azygous vein
    • intercostal vasculature

Ventral

  • Seen
    • Cardiac silhouette
  • No seen
    • individual chambers (border effacement)
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5
Q

Caudal mediastinum structures

Dorsal

Ventral

A

Dorsal

  • Seen
    • trachea
    • +/- esophagous
  • Not seen
    • +/- esophagus
    • vagus
    • lymphatics
    • azygous vein

Ventral structures

  • Seen
    • Caudal venal cava
  • Not seen
    • Phrenic nerve
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6
Q
A

The 2 mediastinal reflections

A portion of one lung lobe that extends from one side of the thorax to the other

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7
Q

Cranioventral mediastinal reflections

1.

2.

A
  1. Formed by the right cranial lung lobe extending from right side of the thorax to the left
  2. Left cranial lung lobe extends lateral and cranial to the right cranial lung lobe in some dogs
    * Lingula
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8
Q

Caudoventral mediastinal reflections

1.

2.

A
  1. Represents the left lateral most extent of accessory lung lobe
  2. Appears to originate at the base of the heart
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9
Q

Accessory lung lobe originates on the …… and extends to the ……

A

Originates on right

Extends to left

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10
Q
A

Thymus

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11
Q

Four populations of lymph nodes in thorax

A
  1. Cranial mediastinal
  2. Tracheobronchial
  3. Pulmonary
  4. Sternal
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12
Q
A

…

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13
Q

PRAA

A

Persistent right aortic arch

Most common congenital ring anomaly

Causes segmental dilation of the esophagus

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14
Q
A

Esophagus (segmental dilation)

(Vascular ring anomaly)

aspiration pneumonia common

we see an unstructured pulmonary pattern here

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15
Q
A

Megaesophagus

Trachea and cardiac silhouette displaced ventrally

Alveolar pulmonary pattern in right middle lung lobe

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16
Q
A

Tracheo-esophageal strip sign

  • esophageal abnormality

Sign of a mega esophagus

17
Q
A

Traceal stripe sign

  • Gas outlining tracheal serosa

Due to pneumomediastinum

  • gas usually from a neck wound

Outlines vasculature of the cranial thorax

18
Q

Most common cause of a pneumoretroperitoneum…..

A

Pneumomediastinum

  • Pneumothorax can form secondary to a pneumomediastinum
  • Pneumothorax WILL NOT lead to a pneumomediastinum
19
Q

Most common tracheal problem

A

Intratracheal and extra tracheal collapse

  • extra thoracic collapse on inspiration
  • intra thoracic collapse on expiration

Abnormality with tracheal rings

  • Yorkies, small breed dogs
20
Q
A

Tracheal hypoplasia

Measure ratio of (thoracic inlet)/(width of trachea)

Common in bracheocephalic dogs

21
Q
A

Thymoma

  • associated with a myasthena gravis paraneoplastic syndrome and megaesophagus

Ventral deviation of trachea

22
Q

Sternal lymph nodes….

A

Drain the abdomen

Difficult to see in cats?!

23
Q

Tracheal bronchial lymph nodes…

3 types

A

Drain the Pulmonary Parenchyma

Right tracheal bronchial L.N.

  • between the R cranial lung lobe bronchus and R lateral border of trachea

Left tracheal bronchial L.N.

  • between L lateral border of trachea and L cranial lung lobe bronchus

Central tracheal bronchial L.N.

  • Lives between R and L caudal bronchi
24
Q

Cowboy sign and

Tracheal bronchial lymphadenopathy

vs

L. atrial enlargement

A
  1. Ventral displacement of caudal airways on lateral view
  2. Enlarged central tracheal bronchial L.N.
25
Q
A

Enlarged L atrium

Mitral valve degenerative dz

marked inlarged L auricle

Trachea displaced dorsally

Moderate to severe

26
Q

Three most common locations of an esophageal foreign body

Associated dz proc…

A

Thoracic inlet

Over heart base

At esophageal hiatus

Usually causes aspiration pneumonia

27
Q
A

Esophageal foreign body

Air bronchograms

  • Consistent with alveolar pulmonary pattern secondary to aspiration pneumonia from esophageal foreign body
28
Q

Hiatal hernia about….

A

Stomach through esophageal hiatus

Through esophageal hiatus

More commonly seen on L lateral

Opacity

  • Soft Tissue
  • Gas
  • Food
29
Q
A

HIatal Hernia

30
Q

Main mediastinal abnormalities

A
  1. Lymph Nodes
  2. Trachea
  3. Esophagus
31
Q

Most common heart base mass

A

chemodectoma

Radiology (7 decks)

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