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Radiology > Lecture 1 Abdomen > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Preparation for abd rads

A

Elective sx

Fast 8-12 hours

Empy bowels and bladder if possible

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2
Q

performing exam

A

Low to medium kVp (60-80)

Maximize contrast betwe

If patient more than 10 cm thick use grid

Try to expose on expiration (cause unstructured interstitial patter in Dorso-caudal….)

Collimate to reduce scatter

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3
Q

DV

A

Worthless except in bloat to find stomach

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4
Q

Interpretation paradigm

A
  1. Extra abdominal structures and assess body condition
  • osseous structures
  • diaphragm
  • thorax
  • pelvis
  • pelvic limbs
  • soft tissue
  1. Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum
  2. GI, Spleen, Liver, Pancreas
  3. GU, Adrenals, LN
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5
Q

Kidney that is hard to see

A

Right kidney

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6
Q

Pyloric part of stomach…tidbit

A

Gas often seen in pyloric portion of the stomach (right sided structure) on L lat rad

  • If there is a concern about pyloric outflow do Left lateral rad
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7
Q

Abdominal structures not expected to see

A

Adrenal glands

Lymph nodes

Pancreas and ducts

Gallbladder and biliary ducts

Ovaries, Uterus, Ureters (unless calculi)

Abdominal aorta

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8
Q

Dog vs Cat

A

Cats

  • large puddles of fat (falcifarm ligament)
  • puddle of fat caudo-dorsal peritoneum

Dogs

  • fat in caudo-dorsal peritoneum
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9
Q

consequence of obesity

A

Decreased serosal detail due to secondary scatter radiation

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10
Q

Extra-abdominal structures

Osseous structures

A

Vertebrae (thoracic, lumbar)

  • Look for aggressive lesions in spine…

Ribs

Sacrum

Intervertebral disc spaces

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11
Q

kidney fake-out

A

Left and right kidney => summation => looks like soft tissue mass effect

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12
Q

Serosal detail def.

Decreased serosal detail

A

Contrast we normally see between soft tissue and fat of abdomen

Decreased serosal detail

  • fat: scatter radiation
  • skinny
  • young dogs and cats: some abdominal fluid normal
  • pendulous abdomen
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13
Q

Air in peritoneal space

A

Air increases serosal detail

Surgical emergency if origin unknown

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14
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

stuff above the imaginary line in the abdomen

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15
Q

Peritoneal

A

Stuff below imaginary line

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16
Q

Peritoneal / retroperitoneal detail

A
  1. Neonate (up to 6mo), athletic or cachectic = no detail
  2. Normal animal = good detail
  3. Mildly to moderately obese = excellent detail
  4. Extreme obesity = decreased detail (scatter radiation)
17
Q

Mass effect

A

Implies loss of sersoal detail and/or displacement of specific abdominal organs away from where a mass could reside

18
Q

Pneumoretroperitoneum always an…

A

Extension of a pneumomediastinum

19
Q

Pneumoperitoneum

A

Hollow viscus rupture or penetrating wound (including recent sx)

Takes 28 days to resolve post-op

20
Q

Focal or multifocal peritoneal mineralization

A

Cholesterol inclusion cysts

Dystrophic mineralization of any structure

  • secondary to prior inflammation

Vessel mineralization

  • usually associated with endocrinopathies or chronic uremia

Aged cats => adrenal glads

21
Q

Hepatomegaly

A
  1. Rounded caudoventral margin
  2. Caudal shift of gastric axis
  3. Margins extend beyond the costal arches (also happens on ispiration)
  4. Caudal displacement of cranial abdominal organs (right kidney)
22
Q

Microhepatia

A
  1. Caudoventral margin not seen
  2. Cranial shift of gastric axis
  3. Calculi present
  • struvites
  • calcium oxalates
  1. Cranial displacement of organs of abdomen
  2. Renomegaly with PSS
  3. Rule out PPDH (Peritoneal Pericardial Diaphragmatic hernia)
23
Q

Microhepatia ddx

A

chronic hepatitis with hepatic cirrhosis

portosystemic shunt

24
Q

Hepatomegaly ddx

A

Hepatic lipidosis (cats)

cushings

diabetes mellitus

tox

viral hepatitis

hepatic cirrhosis

25
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Hemangiosarcoma / mass (dogs)

Tranquilization

Lymphoma (cats)

  • round cell tumors

Torsion

Vascular compromise

  • portal venous thrombosis

Radiology (7 decks)

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