Lecture 3 Abdomen

Question 1

which kidney is mobile?

Answer 1

Left kidney

Question 2

Locatio of right kidney

Answer 2

• renal fossa of caudate lobe so cranial pole is border effaced

Question 3

Renal length

Cat

Dog

Answer 3

• Cat: 2-3 X L2
  
  • renal width important
  • more rounded
• Dog: 2.5-3.5 X L2
  
  • bean shape

Question 4

Kidney Roentgen abnormalities

Answer 4

• size
• opacity
• margination

Question 5

Renomegaly in dogs

Answer 5

• Hydronephrosis (mild-severe)
• Infectious (aspergilosis; mild)
• Renal toxicities (mild)
• Inflammatory (acute pyelonephritis; interstitial nephritis; glomerulonephritis)

Question 6

Renomegaly in cats

Answer 6

• perinephritic pseudocysts (sever)
• infectious (cryptococcos)
• renal toxicities (mild)
• Inflammatory (acute pyelonephritis; interstitial nephritis; glomerulonephritis)
• primary Lymphoma (mild-severe)
• renal amyloidosis (abyssinian)

Question 7

Small kidneys

Answer 7

• Usually secondary to pyelonephritis and renal infarction
• perinephric pseudocysts

Question 8

Opacity

Mineralization can occur in…

Answer 8

1) Parenchymaa

• renal infarction
• renal metastasis-osteosarcoma
• metastatic mineralization-diffuse
• ethylene glycol toxicity Ca oxalate crystals

2) Renal pelvis/diverticulae

• chronic pyelonephritis
• dystrophic mineralizatino

3) renal stone (nephroliths)

• struvite calculi
• staghorn calculus

Question 9

Normal ureters

Answer 9

• radiographs-not seen
• Deep circumflex iliac vessels
• contrast study required to evaluate
• needed for ID for rupture of a ureter

Question 10

Dorsal trigone of bladder

Answer 10

• susceptible to primary neoplasia (TCC)
  
  • can obstruct ureters

Question 11

Bladder abnormalities

Answer 11

• cystic calculi (chronic cystitis)
  
  • struvite
  • calcium oxalate
  • can’t see: Cystein, or urate
• trauma-rupture
• tumors
  
  • TCC: poor prognosis
    
    • met to medial iliac LN and lungs
    • met to ventral aspect of lumbar vertebrae (ill defined periosteal rxn)