Lecture 2 Abdomen Flashcards
Pylorus of the dog
To the right of midline
Sphincter located at the lateral aspect of the right cranial abdomen.
Pylorus of the cat
Generally on midline or slightly left of midline
On right lateral view pylorus fake out:
pylorus may look like a round soft tissue opacity or a foreign body
- compare by looking at a left lateral view
- redistribution of fluid and gas may collect in pylorus for easier id
Right lateral recumbency
Gas is in fundus
Left side of stomach is up
Left Lateral recumbency
Gas is in pylorus
right side of stomach is up
Rugae
With contrast medium
Appear as linear ‘filling defects’
Determination of normal is empirical
There are fewer rugae in the cat compared to the dog
An increase in size and/or number may indicate an abnormality
Contrast medium patterns
- Normal
* smooth margins that follow the contour of the lumen - Erosion/ulcer
* collection of contrast within a ‘pocket’ or ‘tract’ - Intramural mass
* filling defect - Intraluminal mass
* filling defect - Gastric peak sign
* pyloric hypertorphy
GDV
Take a R. lateral
- will see pylorus dorsallly with gas (normally no gas should be present)
- +/- splenomegaly
- Compartmentalization
- soft tissue bands that cross the stomach
- represents stomach folding onto itself
Cat stomach
Smaller, foreign material is common
- trichobezoar
- hairball
Fat in sub-mucosa
Foreign bodies
Penny foreign bodies can lead to zinc toxicity and anemia
Needles can be found in dogs and cats in
- stomach
- liver
- peritoneal space
Gastric masses
Most common in cats with lymphoma
- thickening of gastric wall
Chronic outflow tract obstruction
Pyloric hypertrophy
neoplasia
foreign bodies
*after vomiting stomach can look normal, all bets off for Id ing foreign body obstruction
Small intestines
- Shoudl occupy the mid abdomen, normally filled with fluid
- Duodenum is right sided structure
- Ileum enters the colon at the ileocolic junction to the right of the midline
- In a fat cat the small intestinal tract is often bunched in the right mid abdomen
- Pseudo-ulcers
- peyers patches or GALT
- can be seen along anti-mesenteric border of duodenum on US eval or on UGI
Cecum
- Generally to the right of midline on VD
- Is located in the central abdomen on lateral view
- Has a curved C-shape appearance in dogs
- Not seen in cats
Colon
- Ascending-right midline (VD)
- Transverse-Immediately caudal to stomach (Lat, VD)
- Descending-Left of midline (may be on midline or to right of midline if urinary bladder is very distended)
