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SP2017 Anatomy Exam#2 > Lecture 4- Skull, Face, Scalp > Flashcards

Lecture 4- Skull, Face, Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

The… are cranial bones to protect brain

A

neurocranium

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2
Q

The…. are facial bones to protect airway

A

viscerocranium

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3
Q

Vertical foramina of face… which are innervated by…

A
  • supraorbital
  • infraorbital
  • mental
  • CNV (1,2, and 3)
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4
Q

The opening of the nasal cavity is also called the…

A

piriform aperture

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5
Q

What is the pterion?

A

a point where 4 bones intersect meaning its weaker

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6
Q

Damage to the pterion can cause what?

A

-hemorrhage of middle meningeal artery (branch of maxillary)

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7
Q

The coronal suture is between

A

frontal and parietal bones

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8
Q

The sagittal suture is between

A

2 parietal bones

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9
Q

The squamosal suture is between

A

parietal and temporal

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10
Q

The lambdoidal is between

A

parietal/temporal and occipital bones

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11
Q

Bregma embryologically was the…

A

anterior fontanelle

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12
Q

Lambda embryologically was the…

A

posterior fontanelle

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13
Q

The roof of the orbit of the eye is the…

A

Frontal bone

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14
Q

The lateral wall border of the orbit of the eye is the…

A

Zygomatic bone

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15
Q

The floor and part of medial wall border of the orbit of the eye is the…

A

Maxilla bone

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16
Q

The rest of the medial wall border of the orbit of the eye is…

A

Lacrimal and Ethmoid bones

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17
Q

The posterior wall border of the orbit of the eye is the…

A

Spenoid bone

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18
Q

How many foramen/fissure/grooves does the orbit of the eye contain? and what are they?

A
  • 5
    1. Supraorbital foramen
    2. Optic canal
    3. Superior orbital fissure
    4. Inferior orbital fissure
    5. Lacrimal groove
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19
Q

What makes up the nasal cavity roof?

A

Nasal bones, Frontal sinus, Ethmoid, Spenoid sinus

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20
Q

What makes up the floor and lateral wall boundary of the nasal cavity?

A

Maxillary bones

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21
Q

What makes up the floor boundary of the nasal cavity?

A

Palatine horizontal plate

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22
Q

What makes up the medial wall boundary of the nasal cavity?

A

Vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bones and nasal septum

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23
Q

What transmits through the cribiform plate?

A

CNI (olfactory n.)

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24
Q

What transmits through the optic canal?

A

CNII (optic) and opthalmic a.

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25
Q

What transmits through the Superior orbital fissure?

A

CNIII, IV, VI and CNV1 (opthalmic n.)

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26
Q

What transmits through foramen rotundum?

A

CNV2 (maxillary n.)

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27
Q

What transmits through foramen ovale?

A

CNV3 (mandibular n.)

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28
Q

What transmits through foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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29
Q

What transmits through foramen lacerum?

A

ICA (enter cranial vault here)

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30
Q

What transmits through jugular foramen?

A

IJV

CN IX, X, XI

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31
Q

What transmits through internal acoustic meatus?

A

CNVII and VIII

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32
Q

What transmits through stylomastoid foramen?

A

CNVII

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33
Q

What transmits through hypoglossal canal?

A

CNXII

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34
Q

What transmits through foramen magnum?

A

vertebral arteries, spinal cord

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35
Q

What transmits through carotid canal?

A

ICA (enter skull here)

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36
Q

The scalp extends from the… to…

A

external occipital protuberance to nasion (superior to orbital rim)

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37
Q

The layers of SCALP are…

A
  1. skin
  2. connective tissue (dense)
  3. aponeurotic layer
  4. loose connective tissue
  5. pericranium
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38
Q

Superficial scalp wounds into connective tissue layer tend to bleed… if unconcious, may bleed to death from a … injury

A
  • profusely (b/c well vascularized)

- ‘minor’

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39
Q

Deep wounds into the aponeurotic layer of the scalp tend to…

A

gape widely

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40
Q

The aponeurotic layer of the scalp is connecting what two muscles?

A

frontalis and occipitalis

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41
Q

The scalp is supplied by 3 branches of the ECA and 2 branches of the opthalmic (which is from ICA)

A 
ECA:
1. superifical temporal
2. Posterior auricular
3. Occipital
Opthalmic/ICA:
1. Supratrochlear
2. Supraorbital
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42
Q

6 sensory nerves of the scalp (CN and spinal innervation)

A
  1. supratrochlear V1
  2. supraorbital V1
  3. Zygomatic temporal V2
  4. Auriculotemporal V3
  5. Lesser occipital C2, C3
  6. Greater occipital C2
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43
Q

The loose connective tissue of the scalp is the “…” space because infections spread easily from extracranial to intracranial through…. and fluid can move anteriorly into…

A
  • danger
  • emissary veins
  • eyelids and root of nose
44
Q

Action of occipitofrontalis muscle

A

moves scalp back and forward

occipitalis + galea aponeurotica+frontalis

45
Q

Action of the 3 auricularis mm. (anterior, superior, posterior)

A

protract, elevate and retract ears

46
Q

Muscles of facial expression attach to… and act by pulling the… and also surround the orifices of the face acting as ….

A
  • bone or fascia
  • skin
  • sphincters and dilators
47
Q

Orbicularis Oculi muscle has a … portion and a …. portion and it’s action is to…

A
  • orbital
  • palpebral (eyelid)
  • close eye
48
Q

The corrugator supercilii is an eye muscle that is found… and its action is to…

A
  • deep

- draw eyebrow in (frown)

49
Q

Action of frontalis

A

raise eyebrow (surprise)

50
Q

The procerus muscle is located on the… and its action is to…

A
  • bridge of nose

- wrinkle the nose

51
Q

The Nasalis muscle has 2 parts called… and its actions are to…

A
  • transverse and alar part

- compress and dilate nostrils

52
Q

The action of the Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle

A

dilates nostril

53
Q

The… muscle will be large with broad noses and may not even be present with narrow noses

A

depressor septi nasi

54
Q

Action of orbicularis oris

A

closes mouth

55
Q

Action of levator labii superioris

A

elevates upper lip

56
Q

Action on zygomaticus major/minor

A

draws mouth up

57
Q

Action of depressor anguli oris

A

depresses angle of mouth

58
Q

Action of depressor labii inferioris

A

depresses lower lip

59
Q

Action of risorius

A

retracts corner of mouth

60
Q

action of mentalis

A

protrudes lower lip

61
Q

3 deep muscles of the mouth region

A
  1. buccinator
  2. levator anguli oris
  3. depressor labii inferioris
62
Q

Action of the buccinator

A

compresses cheek and assists with mastication

63
Q

Action of levator anguli oris

A

elevates angle of mouth

64
Q

Action of labii inferioris

A

depresser lower lip

65
Q

Action of temporalis

A

elevates and retracts mandible

66
Q

Action of masseter

A

elevates and clenches mandible

67
Q

Action of medial pterygoid

A

elevates, protracts and rotates mandible

68
Q

Action of lateral pterygoid

A

protrudes and rotates mandible; opens mouth

69
Q

The masseteric nerve and artery get to the masseter through the..

A

mandibular notch

70
Q

The lateral pterygoid attaches to the… of lateral plate

A

lateral surface

71
Q

The medial pterygoid attaches to the… of the lateral plate

A

medial surface

72
Q

Between the pterygoids is the… which are exiting the skull through foramen ovale and also a lot of branches of maxillary artery

A

CNV3

73
Q

Sensory innervation to face an scalp

A

CNV

74
Q

Sensory innervation of back of head, ears and jaw

A

cervical (C2,3)

75
Q

Motor innervation to mm. of facial expression

A

CNVII

76
Q

Motor innervation of MOM

A

CNV3

77
Q

4 branches of CNV1 (ophthalmic division)

A
  1. Supratrochlear
  2. Supraorbital
  3. Infratrochlear
  4. External nasal
78
Q

3 branches of CNV2 (maxillary division)

A
  1. Zygomaticotemporal
  2. Infraorbital
  3. Zygomaticofacial
79
Q

3 branches of CNV3 (mandibular division)

A
  1. Mental
  2. Buccal
  3. Auriculotemporal
80
Q

The parotid duct is called… duct and it crosses the…. 1-2cm below zygomatic arch and then turns 90 degrees to pierce… and then opens into the oral cavity opposite the… and this area is marked by elevated…

A
  • stensens
  • masseter
  • buccinator
  • 2nd molar
  • parotid papilla
81
Q

Parotid gland can have…. formation caused by dehydration and are extremely painful because the connective tissue around the gland is tough and confining

A

calculus

82
Q

The parotid gland can also have a…. most of these close spontaneously but ligations are possible

A

salivary fistula (opening from internal to surface)

83
Q

The parotid gland can get…. 85-90% of mixed tumors involve the parotid gland

A

Neoplasms

84
Q

… syndrome is associated with the parotid gland which is gustatory sweating (if portion of gland is removed, autonomic stim. gets crosswired so that when you should be salivating you sweat instead)

A

Frey’s

85
Q

The… nerve passes through the parotid gland so it is in danger during a parotidectomy

A

CNVII (facial)

-damage results in paralysis of facial mm. on affected side

86
Q

Immediately before the parotid gland, the facial nerve divides into these 2 branches

A

temporofacial and cervicofacial

87
Q

The branches of facial nerve are….

To zanzibar by motor car

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Marginal Mandibular
  5. Cervical
  6. Posterior auricular (comes off before the 2 main divisions temporofacial and cervicofacial)
88
Q

Immediately after Posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve is the branch that supplies …. and…

A

posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscles

89
Q

CNVII (facial) exits the skull through

A

stylomastoid foramen

90
Q

… is the most common non traumatic cause of facial paralyis

A

bells palsy

91
Q

Facial nerve paralysis results in…

A
  • softening in wrinkles of forehead
  • drooping of eyelid and eyebrow
  • corner of mouth droops
  • drooling and tearing
92
Q

The buccal fat pad is found anterior to the… muscle but covers the… muscle which is located medially

A
  • masseter

- buccinator

93
Q

The buccal fat pad’s function is to provide protection to… and helps give cheeks a fuller appearance

A

-parotid gland and CNVII

94
Q

There are …. nerves related to the buccinator muscle

A

2

95
Q

…, which runs lateral to masseter, provides motor innervation to buccinator

A

buccal branch of CNVII (facial)

96
Q

… provides sensory innervation to buccal mucosa and skin of cheek and pierces buccinator but does not supply it

A

buccal branch of CNV3 (also called long buccal)

97
Q

The… artery and vein both run anterior to ear to temporal region and they travel with auriculotemporal nerve

A

superficial temporal

98
Q

Superficial temporal artery is a terminal branch of

A

maxillary artery

99
Q

Superficial temporal vein drains into…

A

retromandibular vein

100
Q

Transverse facial artery and vein are branches of… and they cross … muscle between… and…

A
  • superficial temporal vessels
  • masseter
  • zygomatic arch and parotid duct
101
Q

The transverse facial artery supplies …,…and… muscle

A

parotid gland, parotid duct and masseter muscle

102
Q

Facial artery is torturous and… to facial vein

A

-anterior and inferior

103
Q

The facial artery and vein cross the… muscle at the anterior border

A

masseter (facial pulse can be palpated here)

104
Q

Facial artery gives off branches to lips called… and then continues to…angle of eye and continues as..

A

-superior and inferior labial aa.
-medial
-angular a.
(veins have same branches)

105
Q

The lymphatic drainage of head and neck is… and drains … to…
drains inferiorly… to … and ultimately goes to the… on R and … on L

A
  • ipsilateral
  • medial to lateral
  • superficial to deep
  • Lymphatic duct
  • thoracic duct
106
Q

The… nodes are associated with the IJV

A

deep cervical

SP2017 Anatomy Exam#2 (14 decks)

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