Lecture 1-Posterior Triangle of the Neck Flashcards
Superficial fascia, which is immediately deep to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, is comprised of… and…
loose connective tissue and fat
Deep fascia is a dense,…. which is devoid of…. and envelops most body structures deep to skin and subcutaneous tissue
- organized connective tissue layer
- fat
First superficial muscle in anterior neck is…
Platysma
4 longitudinal columns in the neck and fascia are ….which are outlined by the deep fascia
- Visceral-anterior-some respiratory,GI and endocrine glands
- Vascular-2 lateral components- major vessels and CNX-vagus
- Vertebral-posterior-cervical vertebrae, muscle, SC
The deep fascia that surrounds the trapezius, SCM, and infrahyoid mm. is called the
Investing fascia
The investing fascia is a deep fascia that surrounds these 3 muscles
- trapezius
- SCM mm.
- Infrahyoid mm.
The deep fascia that surrounds the thyroid, trachea, esophagus and posterior surface of the infrahyoid muscles
Pretracheal fascia
The pretracheal fascia is a deep fascia that surrounds these 3 structures and 1 muscle
- thyroid
- trachea
- esophagus
- posterior surface of infrahyoid mm.
The buccopharyngeal fascia is a deep fascia that surrounds the…. posteriorly
pharynx
The deep fascia that surrounds the pharynx posteriorly is…
Buccopharyngeal fascia
The prevertebral fascia surrounds the
prevertebral and deep back mm.
The deep fascia that surrounds the prevertebral and deep back mm. is…
Prevertebral fascia
The anterior layer of the prevertebral fascia is called the…. fascia which runs behind…
- Alar
- Buccophrayngeal fascia
The carotid sheath surrounds these 3 vessels and 1 nerve
- Common Carotid a.
- Internal Carotid a.
- Internal Jugular v.
- Vagus n.
The first deep fascia after superficial will ne
investing fascia
The buccopharyngeal is the posterior continuation of the …. fascia
pretracheal
The… space is considered the “danger space” which is between…
- Prevertebral
- Alar and rest of prevertebral
4 fascial spaces
- carotid sheath
- pretracheal space
- retropharyngeal space
- prevertebral space
Infections or blood may spread with sheaths from skull down into…
middle mediastinum (were the heart is) so it can go to the rest of the body
The carotid sheath is between the… and…
SCM and prevertebral mm.
The pretracheal space is between the… and …
Trachea and infrahyoid mm.
The pretracheal space extends from the… down into…
- thyroid cartilage
- anterior mediastinum (just behind the sternum)
The Retropharyngeal space is between the… and … fascia
buccopharyngeal and alar fascia
The retropharyngeal space extends from the…. down into the… until the…. level
- skull base
- superior mediastinum
- T4
The prevertebral “Danger” space is between the… and … fascia
-alar and prevertebral fascia
The prevertebral space extends from the…. down into the…. which is at level …
- skull base
- posterior mediastinum
- T12
The prevertebral space is notorius for inferior spread of…
infections
Zone 1 of the neck is from the…. to the…
- thoracic inlet
- cricoid cartilage
Zone 2 of the neck is from the… to the…
- cricoid cartilage
- angle of mandible
Zone 3 of the neck is from the… to the…
- angle of mandible
- base of skull
The boundaries of the posterior cervical triangle:
anterior-
posterior-
inferior-
anterior- SCM
posterior- Trapezius
inferior- middle 1/3 of clavicle
The superficial contents of the posterior triangle are the…. and…
- Platysma (passes obliguely on top)
- External Jugular vein
The external jugular vein is deep to … muscle but superficial to… muscle
platysma
SCM (runs vertically on top)
The… and … veins come together to form the EJV which runs down the… muscle and pierces the… fascia to drain into…
- retromandibular and posterior auricular v.
- SCM
- Investing
- Subclavian
The 4 cutaneous nerves of the posterior triangle of the neck which all emerge deep to SCM at Erb’s point
- Lesser occipital (C2-3)
- Greater auricular (C2-3)
- Transverse cervical (C2-3)
- Supraclavicular (C3-4)
Cord levels of:
- lesser occipital
- greater auricular
- transverse cervical
- supraclavicular
1,2,3 are all C2-C3
4. C3-C4
The Lesser Occipital (C2-3) nerve runs … and… from Erb’s point, along posterior border of… and crosses over…. and supplies the skin of…
- superiorly and anteriorly
- SCM
- occipital a.
- scalp at apex of triangle
The Greater Auricular nerve runs from Erb’s point and ascends vertically/diagonally on surface of… and runs with … superiorly toward ear
- SCM
- EJV
The Greater Auricular nerve (C2-3) supplies the… and skin posterior to the… as well as … to the…
- lobe
- auricle
- angle of mandible to mastoid process
The transverse cervical nerve (C2-3) runs… from Erb’s point across middle of the…and supplies skin of the…
- transversely
- SCM
- anterior cervical triangle and lateral neck
The transverse cervical nerve runs in the… direction of the transverse cervical artery (This is an exception to what n. and a. normally do)
opposite
The Supraclavicular nn. (C3-4) runs superficial to… and deep to … and comes out of Erb’s point as 3 branches… and supplies the skin of…
- Clavicle
- Platysma
- Medial, Intermediate and lateral nn.
- clavicular region
The motor nerves of the posterior triangle of the neck are
-Accessory (CNXI)
Phrenic n. (C3-C5)
The accessory nerve (CNXI) emerges from the skull through the… foramen of the skull and runs… through the posterior triangle deep to the…fascia and supplies both …. and … mm
- jugular
- diagonally
- investing
- trapezius and SCM
The phrenic nerve (C3-C5) descends vertically along the… and is crossed by the … and …. arteries and enters the thorax between the… artery and vein and travels along the pericardial sac to supply the…
- anterior scalene
- transverse cervical and suprascapular aa.
- subclavian v. and a.
- diaphragm
Cord levels of phrenic nerve…
C3-C5
Referred pain for pain on diaphragm will be in the clavicle/shoulder region because the… and … nn. share pathways.
phrenic and supraclavicular
The 3 vessels of the Posterior triangle
- EJV
- Transverse cervical a.
- Suprascapular a.
The transverse cervical artery and suprasapular artery branch off of …. underneath the SCM
-thyrocervical trunk
The deep muscles of the posterior triangle
- splenius capitus
- levator scapulae
- 3 scalene mm. (ant, middle, post)
- omohyoid m (inferior belly)
The action of the splenius capitus
extend and laterally rotate head and neck
Innervation of splenius ccapitus
dorsal rami of spinal nn.
The action of the levator scapulae muscle
elevate scapula
Innervation of levator scapulae
dorsal scapular n. (C5)
Origin of levator scapulae
transverse process of C1-4
Insertion of levator scapulae
Superomedial border of scapula
Anterior Scalene Origin
trans. processes of C3-C6
Middle Scalene Origin
trans. processes of C2-C7
Posterior scalene origin
trans processes of C4-C6
Insertion of anterior and middle scalene muscles.
1st rib
Insertion of posterior scalene muscle
2nd rib
All scalene muscles are innervated by…
ventral rami C3-C8 nn.
The action of the scalene muscles is to
tilt neck laterally
The… muscle crosses over the anterior scalene
inferior belly of the omohyoid
The brachial plexus and the subclavian artery exit between the ….mm. and this is known as the…. triangle
- anterior and middle scalene mm.
- interscalene
The interscalene triangle is formed by
anterior and middle scalene and 1st rib
The… and… pass through the interscalene triangle
brachial plexus and subclavian artery
The … vein passes anterior to anterior scalene
subclavian vein
