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SP2017 Anatomy Exam#2 > Lecture 2-Anterior Cervical Triangle, Viscera, Root of Neck > Flashcards

Lecture 2-Anterior Cervical Triangle, Viscera, Root of Neck Flashcards

1
Q

The anterior cervical triangle can be broken down into 4 smaller triangles:

A
  1. submental
  2. submandibular
  3. muscular
  4. carotid
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2
Q

The anterior cervical triangle borders are:
Lateral:
Superior:
Medial:

A

Lateral: anterior border of SCM
Superior: inferior border of mandible
Medial: Midline of necl

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3
Q

The “roof” of the anterior cervical triangle is formed by the… and … m.

A

skin and platysma muscle

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4
Q

What nerve innervates Platysma?

A

CNVII (cervical branch of facial)

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5
Q

Muscles of the anterior triangle can be grouped based upon their position relative to the…. bone. So the 2 groups are…

A
  • hyoid

- suprahyoid and infrahyoid

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6
Q

The suprahyoid muscles are comprised of these 4 muscles ans their function is to… the hyoid bone which happens when you swallow for example

A
  1. Stylohyoid
  2. Digastric
  3. Mylohyoid
  4. Geniohyoid
    - elevate
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7
Q

The action of the stylohyoid muscle is that it pulls…

A

the hyoid bone upward in posterosuperior direction

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8
Q

The stylohyoid muscle is innervated by

A

CNVII (facial n.)

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9
Q

The digastric muscle has 2 actions. When the mandible is fixed it….
and when the hyoid is fixed it…

A
  • raises hyoid bone

- lowers mandible(opens mouth)

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10
Q

The anterior belly of digastric is innervated by….

The posterior belly of digastric is innervated by…

A

anterior- CNV, mandibular vision of trigeminal (V3) also called mylohyoid branch
posterior- CNVII (facial n)

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11
Q

What is the action of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

supports and elevates floor of mouth and elevates the hyoid

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12
Q

Innervation of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

Mandibular branch of Trigeminal. CNV (V3) also called mylohyoid branch

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13
Q

The geniohyoid has 2 functions. When the mandible is fixed it…
When the hyoid is fixed it…

A
  • elevates and pulls hyoid forward

- pulls mandible downward and inward

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14
Q

Innervation of geniohyoid muscle

A

branch from anterior ramus of C1 carried via hypoglossal n. (CNXII)

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15
Q

The infrahyoid muscles are also called the “strap” muscles and they all function to… the hyoid

A

depress

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16
Q

4 infrahyoid muscles

A
  1. omohyoid
  2. sternohyoid
  3. thyrohyoid
  4. sternothyroid
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17
Q

The action of the sternohyoid muscle is to…. after swallowing

A

depress hyoid bone

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18
Q

Innervation of sternohyoid muscle

A

anterior rami of C1-C3 via ans cervicalis

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19
Q

3 infrahyoid muscles, sternohyoid, omohyoid and sternothyroid are all innervated by…..
Only one infrahyoid muscle, Thyrohyoid is not

A

anterior rami of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

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20
Q

Thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by the fibers from…

A

anterior ramus of C1 carried via hypoglossal n. (CNXII)

-called nerve to thyrohyoid m.

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21
Q

The omohyoid muscle … and… the hyoid bone

A

depresses and fixes

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22
Q

The thyrohyoid muscle has 2 different actions: it … the hyoid bone and when the hyoid is fixed, it…

A
  • depresses

- raises the larynx

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23
Q

The sternohyoid m. draws the…. downward

A

larynx (thyroid cartilage)

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24
Q

There are 2 anterior… veins that drain anterior neck and are located in midline. They empty into subclavian v. or EJV

A

-Jugular

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25
Q

The communicating branch veins connect the… with the…

A
  • common facial vein

- anterior jugular vein

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26
Q

The retromandibular vein is formed by… and … and then divides into…

A
  1. superficial temporal vein
  2. maxillary vein
    - anterior and posterior divisions
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27
Q

The anterior divison of the retromandibular vein connects with the…. to form.. which drains into the internal jugular vein

A
  • facial vein

- common facial vein

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28
Q

The posterior division of the retromandibular vein connects with the …. vein to form the…

A
  • posterior auricular vein

- external jugular vein

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29
Q

The facial vein originates at the… and receives tributaries from veins… and drains into…

A
  • angle of the eye
  • draining face
  • internal jugular vein
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30
Q

The internal jugular vein drains blood from the skull, brain…

A

superficial face and cervical viscera

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31
Q

The internal jugular vein transverses neck within… and then joins with the…. to form the…

A
  • carotid sheath
  • subclavian vein
  • brachiocephalic vein
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32
Q

The common carotid aa. are not symmetrical. The right common carotid comes off the… and the left common carotid comes off the…

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk

- aortic arch

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33
Q

The internal carotid artery does not give off any branches in the neck. It goes up into skull and contributes to…

A

circle of willis

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34
Q

The external carotid artery gives off branches immediately after ..

A

bifurcation of common carotid

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35
Q

The 3 anterior branches of the ECA

A
  1. Superior thyroid a.
  2. Lingual a.
  3. Facial a.
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36
Q

The 3 posterior branches of the ECA

A
  1. Ascending pharyngeal a.
  2. Occipital a.
  3. Posterior auricular a.
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37
Q

The ECA terminates as … and…

A

superficial temporal a. and maxillary a.

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38
Q

The Superior thyroid artery is the 1st anterior branch of the… it gives off the… which pierces the…together with the….

A
  • ECA
  • Superior laryngeal a.
  • thyrohyoid membrane
  • internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
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39
Q

The superior thyroid artery supplies the…

A

superior portion of the thyroid gland

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40
Q

The Lingual artery is the 2nd anterior branch from the…. and arises just above the superior thyroid a. at the level of the…. and it passes deeply into the…

A
  • ECA
  • greater horn of the hyoid bone
  • muscles of the tongue
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41
Q

The Facial artery is the 3rd anterior branch of the…and rises superior to the…. and crosses the inferior border of… to supply the face

A
  • ECA
  • lingual a.
  • mandible
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42
Q

The ascending pharyngeal a. is the 1st posterior branch of the….and arises close to the bifurcation of the… and ascends to supply the … and …

A
  • ECA
  • common carotid a.
  • pharynx and tonsils
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43
Q

The Occipital a. is the 2nd posterior branch of the… arises near level of the… passes deep to the… and ascends to supply …

A
  • ECA
  • facial a.
  • posterior belly of digastric
  • neck and scalp
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44
Q

The occipital a. sends off muscular branch to… which hooks over…

A
  • SCM

- CNXII

45
Q

The Posterior Auricular a. is the 3rd posterior branch of the … and arises superior to origin of… artery and superior to… it then passes upward and posteriorly to supply…

A
  • ECA
  • occipital
  • posterior belly of digastric
  • scalp to posterior ear
46
Q

The carotid sinus is a dilatation of… near bifurcation of common carotid a. and contains receptors that monitor…

A
  • internal carotid a.

- BP changes (baroreceptors)

47
Q

The carotid sheath contains..

A
  1. carotid a. (common/internal/carotid sinus)
  2. Internal jugular v.
  3. Vagus n. (CNX)
48
Q

2 spinal nerves associated with the anterior cervical triangle

A
  1. Transverse cervical n. (C2-3)

2. Ansa cervicalis (C1-3)

49
Q

5 CN’s associated with the anterior cervical triangle

A

7,9,10,11,12

50
Q

The transverse cervical nerve which arises from cord levels… emerges from deep to posterior border of… and tranvels…

A
  • C2-C3
  • SCM
  • transversley across middle of SCM
51
Q

The transverse cervical nerve provides cutaneous innervation to skin…

A

overlying anterior cervical triangle

52
Q

The Ansa Cervicalis is a nerve loop formed from the… and innervates…

A
  • anterior rami of cervical nerves C1-3

- infrahyoid mm. (not thyrohyoid)

53
Q

The ansa cervicalis has a superior root which is mainly… from… and an inferior root which is…

A
  • C1 fibers from anterior rami

- anterior rami of C2 and C3

54
Q

The borders of the submental triangle:
Inferior:
Lateral (R):
Lateral (L):

A

Inferior: Hyoid bone
Lateral (R): anterior belly of digastric
Lateral (L): anterior belly of digastric

55
Q

The contents of the submental triangle (3)

A
  • mylohyoid m.
  • submental lymph nodes
  • some small veins
56
Q

The borders of the submandibular triangle
Superior:
Anterior/Inf:
Posterior/Inf:

A

Superior: Inferior border of mandible
Ant/Inf: ant belly of digastric
Post/Inf: post belly of digastric

57
Q

6 contents of submandibular triangle

A
  1. submandibular gland
  2. submandibular lymph nodes
  3. marginal mandibular branch of CNVII
  4. CNXII
  5. Mylohyoid n. (of CNV3)
  6. Facial a. and v.
58
Q

Borders of muscular triangle
Superior:
Lateral:
Medial:

A

Superior: Hyoid bone
Lateral: superior belly of omohyoid m. and anterior border of SCM m.
Medial: midline of neck

59
Q

4 muscles of muscular triangle

A
  1. omohyoid (border)
  2. Sternohyoid
  3. Sternothyroid
  4. Thyrohyoid
60
Q

6 viscera components of muscular triangle

A
  1. thyroid gland
  2. parathyroid glands
  3. trachea
  4. esophagus
  5. common carotid a.
  6. Internal jugular v.
61
Q

Borders of carotid triangle
Superior:
Posterior:
Anteroinferior:

A

Superior: Stylohyoid m. and posterior belly of digastric
Posterior: Anterior border of SCM
Anteroinferior: Superior belly of omohyoid m.

62
Q

Nerves of carotid triangle

A
  • CNX, XI, XII
  • ansa cervicalis (C1-3)
  • laryngeal nn. (branches of CNX)
63
Q

Arteries of carotid triangle

A
  • common a.
  • internal carotid a.
  • external carotid a. and 6 branches
64
Q

The larynx continues inferiorly as the… and the pharynx continues inferiorly as the… Both of these transitions happen at vertebral level….

A
  • trachea
  • esophagus
  • C6
65
Q

The adam’s apple is called the…. and is superior to the…. cartilage and inferior to the… membrane.

A
  • laryngeal prominence
  • thyroid cartilage
  • thyrohypid membrane
66
Q

Inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the… membrance and inferior to that is the …. cartilage

A
  • cricothyroid

- cricoid

67
Q

What is a cricothyrotomy?

Where is this performed?

A
  • emergency procedure to establish airway.

- Cricothyroid membrane (between thyroid and cricoid cartilage)

68
Q

What is a tracheotomy (tracheostomy-more permanent)?
When is it performed?
Where is the opening made?

A
  • creation of midline incision in trachea and insertion of tube to enable ventilation
  • airway obstruction
  • between infrahyoid mm.
69
Q

A high tracheotomy is superior to…

A

isthmus of thyroid

70
Q

A low tracheotomy is inferior to…

A

isthmus of thyroid

71
Q

Isthmus of thyroid may be… during a tracheotomy

A

divided surgically

72
Q

The…. gland is a large, unpaired endocrine gland located inferior and lateral to thyroid cartilage. It’s R and L lobes are connected by

A
  • thyroid gland

- isthmus (covers 2-4 tracheal rings)

73
Q

In the thyroid gland, the… lobe is frequently present and extends superior from isthmus

A

pyramidal

74
Q

The Superior thyroid a. (1st branch of ant ECA) supplies the….

A

superior pole of lateral lobe of thyroid gland

75
Q

The Inferior thyroid a. is a branch of the … and supplies the…

A
  • thyrocervical trunk (from subclavian a.)

- inferior pole of lateral lobe of thyroid gland

76
Q

The…. is a small artery ocassionally found arising from either brachiocephalic trunk or arch of aorta and ascends anterior surface of trachea to supply thyroid gland

A

Thyroid ima a.

77
Q

There are 3 veins of the thyroid gland. The… and … drain into the IJV and the… drain into the….

A
  • Superior and middle thyroid vv.
  • Inferior thyroid v.
  • brachiocephalic vv.
78
Q

The parathyroid gland which is involved in calcium metabolism is usually comprised of 4 glands within the posterior surface of the…

A

thyroid

79
Q

The parathyroid glands are …, …, … structures on deep surface of r/l lobes of thyroid. they are called superior and inferior but position is variable

A

small (5mm), ovoid, yellowish

80
Q

A thyroidectomy is the excision of part of/most of… and can cause damage to… or these 2 nerves

A
  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid glands
  • external laryngeal n.
  • recurrent laryngeal n.
81
Q

If there is damage to the external laryngeal nerve in a thyroidectomy, it could cause paralysis of … membrane and to inferior ….muscle

A
  • cricothyroid membrane

- pharyngeal constrictor muscle

82
Q

If there is damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve in a thyroidectomy, there would be paralysis of most…

A

laryngeal mm.

83
Q

The root of the neck is the junction between the… and …. It lies superior to…

A
  • thorax and neck

- superior thoracic aperature

84
Q

Th extension of the thoracic cavity projects into neck; consists of upward projection of pleural cavity and includes….

A
  • cervical part of parietal pleura (cupula)

- apical part of superior lobe of each lung

85
Q

At the root of the neck, the subclavian artery gives off there 3 arteries

A
  1. vertebral
  2. thyrocervical trunk
  3. internal thoracic
86
Q

The thyrocervical trunk arises from the… artery and medial to… muscle

A
  • subclavian artery

- anterior scalene muscle

87
Q

The 3 branches of the thyrocervical

A
  1. inferior thyroid a.
  2. transverse cervical a.
  3. Suprascapular a.
88
Q

The inferior thyroid a. (branch of thyrocervical) gives off…. artery and runs posterior to… and…

A
  • ascending cervical artery

- carotid sheath and thyroid gland

89
Q

The transverse cervical artery and the suprascapular a. cross over the anterior surface of the…. muscle and …. nerve

A
  • anterior scalene muscle

- phrenic nerve

90
Q

The vertebral artery enters the transverse foramen of… and passes up to…

A
  • C6

- C1

91
Q

The vertebral vein drains into…. vein and travels in transverse foramen of…. to…

A
  • brachiocephalic vein

- C1-C6

92
Q

The phrenic nn. from cord levels… are of the …. plexus

A
  • C3-C5

- cervical

93
Q

The phrenic n. passes inferiorly across anterior surface of…. muscle

A

anterior scalene muscle

94
Q

The phrenic nerve passes between the…. v. and a. and enters the thorax and continues to the…

A
  • subclavian

- diaphragm

95
Q

The vagus nerve descends through neck in… and provides all… innervation to the neck and the R and L side both have a …. nerve

A
  • carotid sheath
  • parasympathetic
  • recurrent laryngeal nerve
96
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nn. are branches of the…. nerve and they ascend in groove between the… and… and enter the… They innervate all intrinsic laryngeal mm. except…

A
  • vagus
  • trachea and esophagus
  • larynx
  • cricothyroid muscle
97
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve (from R. vagus) loops around right…. and upward toward larynx

A

-subclavian artery

98
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve (from L. vagus nerve) loops around below and behind… and upward to larynx

A

-arch of aorta

99
Q

The Sympathetic trunk (chain) extends from base of skull to… and is punctuated by ganglia along extent of trunk/chain

A

-coccyx

100
Q

The cervical part of symathetic trunk is…. to prevertebral mm. and …to cervical viscera

A
  • anterior

- posterior

101
Q

The sympathetic trunk is connected to each spinal nerve by a….

A

gray ramus comminicans

no white rami communicans in cervical region

102
Q

There are…sympathetic ganglia found in the cervical region. They are called…

A
  • 3

- superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglion

103
Q

The superior cervical ganglion is found high in neck near level of….. of temporal bone

A

-mastoid process

on R and L

104
Q

The middle cervical ganglion is found posterior to the…

A

thyroid gland

on R and L

105
Q

The inferior cervical ganglion is found at the…. end of the cervical part of the sympathetic trunk. It combines with the first thoracic ganglion and forms the…

A
  • lower

- cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion

106
Q

The thoracic duct is the major lymphatic channel that drains lymph from the….. UL, head, neck, thorax, abdomen and LL

A

left

107
Q

The thoracic duct lies posterior to…. between… and…

A
  • esophagus

- azygos vein and thoracic aorta

108
Q

The thoracic duct drains into … which is the junction between …. and….

A
  • left venous angle

- Left IJV and Left subclavian vein

109
Q

The R. lymphatic duct drains R. UL, head, neck and thorax and drains into the…. which is the junction between the…. and…

A
  • right venous angle

- Right IJV and Right subclavian vein

SP2017 Anatomy Exam#2 (14 decks)

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